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Carbohydrates
In the diet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How much energy does carbohydrates supply per gram/kJ? | 16g/kJ |
| What are the general compounds in every carbohydrate? | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
| What are monosaccharides? | They are simple sugar units |
| what are the three hexane sugars and are they monosaccharides/disaccharides/polysacccharides? | They are monosaccharides by the names: glucose, galactose and fructose |
| What is the reaction that joins two sugar units to form disaccharides? | Condensation reaction |
| What is the bond called in a disaccharide? | Glycosidic bonds |
| How can the glycosidic bonds between two sugars be split? | By adding water to the bond which is called hydrolysis |
| What are polysaccharides? | They are polymers made up from single monomers joined by glycosidic links into long chains |
| where are the polysaccharides starch and cellulose found? | In plants |
| Why are polysaccharides e.g. starch and glycogen suitable for storing energy | they are compact molecules, with low solubility in water. This means that it has no effect to water concentration in the cytoplasm so has no osmotic effect. |
| What are the two molecules that make up starch adn what is the glycosidic links between them? | Amylose which has 1,4 glycosidic links and Amylopectin which has a mix of 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic links |
| What are the common disaccharides found in food? | Sucrose, Maltose and Lactose |
| What are the two molecules that make up Maltose ? | Two Maltose molecules |