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Micro 8
Test 3 (Kingdom Fungi)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the multicellular forms of Fungi? | Mold and mushrooms |
| What is the unicellular form of fungi? | Yeast |
| How do yeast reproduce? | Binary fission/budding; asexually |
| How do molds and mushrooms reproduce? | Through spores- asexually and sexually |
| What are the cell walls of fungi made of? | Chitin |
| What are the cell membranes of fungi made of? | Sterols |
| How do Fungi get their nutrition? | Chemoautotroph- decomposers & saprophytic & saprobes |
| What percent of fungal species are known to be pathogenic? | 30% |
| What is the difference between a septate hyphae and a non-septate hyphae? | Septate- have cell walls; non-septate-no cell wall, appear to be multinucleate |
| What is a vegetative hyphae? | Grow down into the medium to secure itself |
| What are aerial hyphae? | Grow up- bear reproductive spores |
| What is a haustoria? | Modified hyphae used to infect |
| What is a pseudohyphae? | Bud that has not released from parent cell- make a branch |
| What is fission? | a cell that splits into 2 identical daughter cells |
| What is a conidium? | Naked or free spores, not enclosed in a sac |
| What is a sporangiospore? | Spores that are in a sac |
| What is chlamydoconidia? | thick walled survival spores; form at tips or as part of hyphae |
| What is blastoconidia? | Clusters of spores formed along a pseudohyphae |
| What is an example of a fungi? | Candida albicans- forms pseudohyphae when about to cause infection |
| What are the 3 phases that form sexual spores? | 1)Plasmogamy-donor cell penetrates cytoplasm of recipient 2)Karyogamy-gametic nuclei fuse to form diploid zygote 3)Meiosis-diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei-->sexual spores |
| What is the mold phylum referred to as? | Phylum Zygomycota |
| What are some characteristics of Phylum Zygomycota? | conjugation fungi, nonseptate hyphae, asexual (sporangiospores) and sexual (zygosporangia, large spore, thick wall) spores EX) Rhizopus |
| What is the phylum that contains Molds AND Yeasts? | Phylum Ascomycota |
| What are some characteristics of Phylum Ascomycota? | 'Sac' fungi;septate hyphae or yeast cells; asexual (conidia) and sexual (ascospore-results from fusion of the nuclei of 2 cells-produced in sacs called ascus) spores EX) Penicillum notarum |
| What Phylum includes Mushrooms? | Phylum Basidiomycota |
| What are characteristics of Phylum Basidiomycota? | 'Club' Fungi; septate hyphae; asexual (fragmentation or conidiospores); sexual spore (basidiospore-formed externally on a base pedestal by meiosis) EX) Puccinia sorghi |
| What is the world's largest mushroom called? | Armillaria ostoyae |
| How large is the largest mushroom? | 4 square miles in Oregon forest |
| What fungi invades plant root cells in a mutualistic symbiosis? | Mycorhizae-provide network that absorbs water and inorganic nutrients from the soil; fungi in return get organic nutrients from plant; fungi prevent infection by other pathogenic fungi |
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