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The Skin
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| temporary eruptions | rashes |
| traumatic or pathologic loss of normal skin continuity, structure, or function | lesions |
| vesicle usually caused by friction or heat | blister |
| hyoerkeratotic plaque of skin caused by chronic pressure or friction | callus |
| dilated superficial blood vessels, capillaries, or terminal arteries that appear red or bluish | telangietases |
| what are the 3 layers of the skin? | epidermis, dermis, and endodermis |
| the skin protects by being the ___ | first line of defense |
| what are 4 things the skin does? | regulates body temp, prevents fluid loss, senses the environment, and excretes small amounts of waste |
| what does the dermis contain? (6) | blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands, collgen and elastin |
| the elasticity of the skin is determined by the ___ | dermal elastin |
| an eruption on the body typically with little or no elevation above the surface | rashes |
| pruritis | itching |
| what things initiate pruitis (itching)? | warmth, touch, vibration |
| what are two advantages of having darker skin? | higher protection against skin cancer and less premature wrinkling |
| ____ is common with darker skin | dry skin |
| having darker skin may make it hard to dx ____, _____, and _____ | cyanosis, pallor, and erythema |
| eyrthematous inflammatory reaction d/t UV exposure | sunburn |
| skin cells release vasoactive and chemicals resulting in vasodilation and sunburn | UV exposure |
| exaggerated reaction to UV light | Drug-induced photosensitivty |
| what are some common culprits of drug-induced photosensitivity? | antibiotics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, diuretics, and NSAIDs |
| benign warts caused by HPV | verrucae |
| papillary growths, slightly raised above the skin, varying size | common warts |
| small flat tumors that are barely visible unless in clusters | flat warts |
| flat slightly raised painful growths that extend deep into the skin; often transmitted in public showers or swimming areas | plantar warts |
| viral infection of the skin and mucous membranes | Herpes Simplex |
| herpes of the mouth; may be asymptomatic; s/s: fever, sore throat, painful vesicles, ulcers precipitateg by burning or tingling sensation | Herpes Simplex Virus 1 |
| there is no cure to herpes simplex 1 bc ___ | the virus justs stays in the body dormant |
| an acute, localized vesicular eruption distributed over a dermatome segment of the skin | herpes zoster |
| from chicken pox and hids until adult life | herpes zoster |
| caused by varicella-zoster that has been dormant after childhood chicken pox infection | herpes zoster |
| eye involvement may lead to blindness | herpes zoster |
| gray silver rash is a s/s of __ | herpes zoster |
| have a circular area of mild erythema | superficial ringworm |
| tinea corporis | body |
| tinea faciei | face and neck |
| tinea capitis | scalp (has hair loss) |
| tinea pedis | feet (painful and itchy) |
| tinea unguium | nails (they go from white to yellow to brown) |
| what is the DX for fungal infections? | microscopic exam of skin with KOH |
| normally found in the GI tract, and is common from pt with DM, taking ABT, are pregnant, take BCP, or immunosup meds | candidal infections |
| eroding red rash with well defined borders | candidal infection |
| common superficial infection caused by staph or group A beta hemolytic strep | impetigo |
| appears like small vesciles or pustules, very itchy with honey-colored scabs | impetigo |
| uclerative form of impetigo that erodes the skin | ecthyma |
| disorder of the hair follicle and sebaceous gland | acne vulgaris |
| whiteheads and blackheads | comedones |
| pustules, nodules, or cyst | inflammatory lesions |
| occurs later in life and is the chronic form of acne | acne conglobata |
| includes comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, abscessess, cysts, and scars | acne conglobata |
| comedones with multiple openings and foul ordor with purulent drainage | acne conglobata |
| anemia > WBC, sed rate, and neutriphils | acne conglobata |
| chronic acneform type eruption of the butterfly area of the face | rosacea |
| progresses to include telangiectasis and thickening of the nose | rosacea |
| thickening of the nose common with rosacea | rhinophyma |
| spicy foods and alcohol worsen ____ | rosacea |
| common with both infant and adult types that includes skin dryness, pruritis, superinfections and inflammation | atopic aczema |
| common infection of allergens | atopic aczema |
| edematous plaques; raised blanchable red or pink areas surrounded by a pale halo | wheels- uticaris hives |
| thicker lesions resulting from massive transudation of fluid into the dermis or larynx | angioedema- uticaris hives |
| histamine process is initiated and it can be chronic or acute | uticaria hives |
| almost any drug can cause eruption and most appear like measles | drug-induced skin eruptions |
| also occurs with infections- selflimiting; red papule | erythema multiform minor |
| rare; red papule; life-threatening | steven-johnson's syndrome |
| rare; most life-threateneing; malaise, fever, sore throat, skin separates from the dermis | toxic epidermal necrolysis |
| common congenital or aquired tumors | nevi-moles |
| may be pigmented ot nonpigmented...flat or elevated...hairy ot nonhairy | nevi-moles |
| larger than 5mm, flat to slightly raised with a pebbly surface or a target-like lesion with darker, raised center; irregular boaders | dysplastic nevi |
| malignant tumor of the melanocytes | malignant melanoma |
| rapidly progressive, metastatic, higher risk for those who have pale skin, blonde or red hair, those who sunburn or freckle easily | malignant melanoma |
| describe what ABCD is with MALIGNANT MELANOMA | A: asymmetry...B: border irregularoty...C: color variation...D: diameter > 0.6cm |
| nonmetastasizing tumor that extends wide and deep if untx | basel cell carcinoma |
| most common skin cancer | basel cell carcinoma |
| most common in men ____: basel cell carcinoma | 55-75 |
| small, flesh-colored or pink, smooth translucent nodule; telangiectatic vessles present | nodular ulcerative |
| flat, nonpalpable, erythematous plaque usually ont eh chest or back | superficial basel carcinoma |
| malignant tumors of hte out epidermis | squamous cell carcinoma |
| metastasis is common; red-scaling, kertatotic slightly elevated with an irregular border, usually with a shallow chronic ulser; hyperpigmentataion in darker skin | squamous cell carcinoma |
| sun, radiation, tar and oil exposure all > risk | squamous cell carcinoma |
| pigmented; usually occur on the buttock or sacral area; common in infant asian and african americans | birthmarks: mongolian spots |
| bright red-strawberry hemangiomas or reddish-purple port-wine strains | birthmarks: vascular |
| d/t the ammonia breakdown on the skin | diaper rash |
| heat rash; maceration d/t warm mosit envinoment | prickly heat |
| greasy crust or scales on the scalp d/t infrequent washing of the scalp | cradle cap (baby dandrof) |
| diffuse mascular rash | rubella-german measles |
| starts as mascular turning into vesicles and then into scabs; extreme pruritis; can become internal | varicella-chickenpox |
| what are some things that happen to the skin of elderly people? | skin thins, dries, losses elasticity, losses fat, and < blood supply |
| benign soft brown or flesh-colored papules usually on the neck and are easily removed | skin tags (flat wart) |
| horny growth of keratinocytes | keratoses |
| well bordered brown/black spots macule usually < 1 mm and this includes liver spots | lentigines |
| tumor w/chronicallt dilated blood vessels; includes cherry angiomas, telangiectases, and venous lakes | vascular lesions |
Created by:
TayBay15
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