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Micro 4
Test 3 (Volume 2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What Phylum is part of Volume 2? | Phylum Proteobacteria |
| What is special about this phylum? | Largest and most diverse phylum, all gram negative, 5 distinct classes |
| What are the 5 classes of Proteobacteria? | 1) Alpha 2) Beta 3) Gamma 4) Delta 5) Epsilon **6) NEW CLASS- Zeta (has one species) |
| Are Alphabacteria aerobic or anaerobic typically? | aerobic typically |
| What types of organisms are part of alphabacteria? | Purple non-sulfur phototrophs, nitrogen fixers, nitrifying bacteria, pathogens, acetic acid bacteria, prosthecate bacteria |
| What 2 genera are associated with nitrogen fixation? | Azospirillim- tropical plants and Rhizobium- leguminous plants (supply Nitrogen directly to plant and surrounding area) |
| What are nitrifying bacteria? | derive electrons from the oxidation of nitrogenous compounds |
| What are two genus of Pathogenic alphaproteobacteria? | Genus Rickettsia and Genus Brucella |
| What are some characteristics of Rickettsia? | small, aerobic, rod, lives and reproduces inside mammalian cells, rocky mountain disease, typhus, spotted fever, oxidizes amino acids and Krebs cycle intermediates |
| What are some characteristics of Brucella? | coccobacillus, causes brucellosis, characterized by spontaneous abortions and sterility, survives phagocytosis |
| What are three important misc. alphaproteobacteria? | Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Agrobacterium |
| What are acetobacter and gluconobacter used for? | Used in industry to synthesize acetic acid --> oxidize ethanol to acetic acid (makes vinegar) |
| What are characteristics of Agrobacterium? | plant pathogen, Crown Gall disease, horizontal gene transfer, Ti plasmid is used to genetically manipulate plants --> tells plant to produce more food |
| What is the last but very unique Genus within alphaproteobacteria? | Caulobacter- aquatic bacteria, motile, forms rosette with prostheca, known for the strongest glue of biological origin (contains NAG) |
| What is the 2nd category of proteobacteria? | Betaproteobacteria |
| What are some general characteristics of Betaproteobacteria? | another diverse group, thrive with low nutrient levels, nitrifying bacteria, colorless sulfur bacteria, floc-forming bacteria, pathogens |
| What are some characteristics of Genus Thiobacillus, a betaproteobacteria? | Aerobic, chemoauto, thermophillic, acidophile, can oxidize H2S to S and S to S04-, one species is facultative anaerobe, used to leach metals from low grade ore |
| Zooglea- List some characteristics | Betaproteobacteria, aerobic, chemoauto, slight curved rod, found in polluted fresh and waste water, protrude from clusters like fingers, flock formation |
| Pathogens of betaproteobacteria Types | Neisseria- gram negative coccus, inhabits mucous membranes of mammals Burkholderia- metabolizes wide range of compounds, colonizes moist environmental surfaces including the respiratory passage |
| What is the 3rd class of betaproteobacteria? | Gammaproteobacteria |
| What is special about gammaproteobacteria? | It is the largest and most diverse class |
| What are the subgroups of gammaproteobacteria? | purple sulfur bacteria, methane oxidizers, glycolytic facultative anaerobes, pseudomonas, intracellular |
| Purple sulfur bacteria- gammaproteobacteria Who do they live symbiotically with? | With tube worms in troposome Purple bacteria produce nutrients for the worms Worms produce sulfur for bacteria |
| What do methane oxidizers utilize as an energy source? | Methane! (Chemoautotrophic) can oxidize methane to CO2 or CH2O |
| What is the largest group of gammaproteobacteria? | Glycolytic facultative anaerobes |
| What is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer or electrons from the final electron carrier to the final electron acceptor in the ETC? | Oxidase |
| What are some characteristics of Pseudomonas? | aerobic, flagellated, slightly curved rods, catabolize carbs by the Entner-Dourdoroff Pathway |
| What is an example of a Pseudomonas? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa- in soil and water; can actively swim b/c of flagellum; catabolizes at 4 degrees; psychotroph; facultative anaerobe; very tolerant and resistant; metabolic versatility; found in biofilms often; gram negative helps make it resistant |
| What is the 4th type of proteobacteria? | Deltaproteobacteria |
| What is are 2 examples of a deltaproteobacteria? | 1) Bdellovibrio- pathogen of other gram negative bacteria; complex life cycle; inhibits DNA,RNA,and protein synthesis and kills host; rotates into host 2) Myxobacteria- gliding; many shapes; aerobic; lives in soil; forms fruiting bodies |
| What is the 5th kind of proteobacteria? | Epsilonbacteria |
| What are characteristics of and an example of epsilonbacteria? | rod shaped, vibrio 1) Camplyobacter- spiral; microaerophilic; mesophilic; cause of bacterial foodborne disease; colonizes mucosal surfaces of mammals and birds 2) Heliobacter- live in stomach; raise acidity in stomach to cause ulcers |
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