Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Micro 3
Test 3 (Volume 1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology study? | The relation between microorganisms. |
| How many volumes are found in BMSB? | Five volumes |
| What is the first volume called? | Domain Bacteria and Domain Bacteria |
| What is special about volume one? | It is the most ancient. |
| What is Domain Archaea referred to as? | The "Other" prokaryotic domain |
| What are the three ways Archaea differ from bacteria? | 1) Ribosomal RNA sequences are different 2) Cell wall composition lacks peptidoglycan 3)Cell membrane lipids have branched hydrocarbon chains |
| What type of conditions do most Archaea live? | In moderate environmental conditions, but many are extremophiles too. |
| How many types of Archaea cause disease? | None. |
| What are the 4 Phyla of Domain Archaea? | 1) Crenarchaeota 2) Euryarchaeota 3) Korarhcaeota 4) Nanoarchaeota |
| What is a characteristic of Phyla Crenarchaeota? | Acidic, high temps |
| What types of organism like to live in Phyla Euryarchaeota? | Salt lovers, methane producers |
| What type of organisms are known to live in Phyla Nanoarchaeota? What is special about this phyla? | Tiny organisms! Newly proposed phyla. |
| What are extremophiles? | Organisms that REQUIRE extreme conditions of temperature, pH, and/or salinity |
| What happens when thermophiles are not maintained at their high temps? | DNA/RNA, cytoplasmic membranes, and proteins do not function. |
| What temperature do hypothermophiles require? | Higher than 80 degrees. |
| Where can hypothermophiles live well? | Acidic hot springs, deep ocean rifts, and similar terrestrial volcanoes |
| Where does the extremophile Pyrodictium live? What temperature does it live best at? What structure does it have that is special? | In deep sea hydrothermal vents; @85 degrees; Protein tubules- attach to grains of sulfur which is used as a final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration |
| What are halophiles? | Extremophiles that require a concentration of NaCl greater than 9% to maintain integrity of cell walls. Between 17-23% for growth and reproduction. |
| What are 3 good saline habitats for halophiles? | The dead sea, Great salt lake, Solar evaporation ponds |
| How do halophiles live in such salinity? | Utilizies compatible solutes (KCl) and encodes acidic protein to prevent protein precipitation |
| What two pigments do halophiles contain that protects them from intensive visible and UV light? | Red and orange pigments |
| What are the purpose of the red and orange pigments in halophiles? | Play a role in protecting them from intense visible and UV light |
| What is a specific organism in the halophile group that we studied? | Halobacterium salinarium |
| Is Halobacterium salinarium chemoauto/chemohetero/photoauto/photohetero? What do these synthesize in the cell membrane? | Photoheterotroph; Synthesize purple proteins in cell membrane called bacteriorhodopsins |
| What is another type of group in Archaea that convert C02, H2, and organic acids into methane gas? | Methanogens |
| Are methanogens chemoautotrophic or chemoheterotophic? | Chemoautotrophic |
| What is an industrial use for methanogens? | Sewage treatments in the digestion of sludge |
| Where are methanogens found? | Freshwater, hypersaline environments, sediments, animal intestines |
| What temperatures, pHs, and salinity are best for methanogens? | A wide range of all! At least one halophilic genus is known |
| What are 3 examples of methanogens and what characteristics do they have? | 1) Methanopyrus kandleri- optimum temp 80-100 2) Methanosarcina barkeri- produces SOD, lives in cow rumen 3)Methanospirillium hungatei-anaerobic, often found in sewage sludge |
| What are the rRNA sequences and growth sequences of Domain Bacteria similar to? | Earliest bacteria |
| Where are organisms of Domain Bacteria found? | Hot, acidic, anaerobic |
| What is the oldest living fossil on the earth today known as? | Aquifex aeolicus |
| What are some characteristics of Aquifex aeolicus? | Hyperthermophilic, chemoautotrophic, rod shaped, flagellated, found in hot springs or near volcanoes |
| What is special about the gene sequence of Aquifex aeolicus? | It has the smallest gene sequences, 16% of sequence is from archaea |
| Is Aquifex aeolicus aerobic or anaerobic? | Aerobic, but in the absence of oxygen, can reduce nitrogen for nutrients |
| Which bacteria is known as Conan the Bacteria? | Deinococcus radiodurans |
| Why is Deinococcus known as Conan? | toughest bacteria on the planet- has gram positive cocci with outer membrane similar to gram negative- extremely resistant to radiation(because of manganese-protects DNA)- lives in wide range of environments |
| What is a major division of Domain Bacteria? | Phototrophic Bacteria |
| What is a phototroph? | acquires energy for anabolism by absorbing light with pigments located in thylakoid membranes |
| What are the 4 groups of phototrophic bacteria? | 1) Blue green bacteria (cyanobacteria) 2) Green and purple sulfur bacteria 3) Green and purple non-sulfur bacteria 4) Heliobacteria |
| Is Cyanobacteria gram positive or gram negative? | gram negative |
| What is special about the filament of the cyanobacteria? | It is surrounded by a gelatinous glycocalyx sheath |
| What is a filament? | Chain of cells |
| What is the main purpose of an akinete? | Reproduction! |
| What is the function of the heterocyst? | To fix nitrogen when no oxygen is available |
| What is special about the photosynthesis of the cyanobacteria? | Thought to have transferred early earth into our oxygen containing version |
| What are stromatolites? | Living fossils, made of CaCO3, 3.5 billion years old, fresh and salt water living |
| Are green and purple bacteria oxygenic or anoxygenic? | Anoxygenic --> use bacteriochlorophylls and photosystem 1 |
| Are SULFUR green and purple bacteria photoautotrophic or photoheterotrophic? | Photoautotrophic |
| What do the purple bacteria produce? | sulfur granules |
| What is an example of a proteobacteria? | Chromatium okenii |
| Are NON-SULFUR green and purple bacteria photoautotrophic or photoheterotrophic? | Photoheterotrophic |
| What do the green bacteria do? | Excrete sulfur |
| What is an example of nonsulfur green and purple bacteria? | Cloroflexus aggregans |
| What are some characteristics of Heliobacteria? | photoheterotroph, anaerobic, nitrogen fixers, use bacteriochlorophyll |
Created by:
1363731667
Popular Biology sets