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Exam 3
Zoology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the exoskeleton of Arthropods? | Chitonous, fused segments. Articulated appendages |
| What is the Versatile Exoskeleton? | Cuticle |
| What is the Epicuticle? | Hardened by tanning? |
| What is the function of the Procuticle? | To prevent dehyrdation |
| What does the Procuticle contain? | Chiton, a tough polysaccharide that is insoluble in water |
| What is the function of the Epidermis? | It secretes the cuticle. |
| What is the fused segmentation of arthropods called? | tagmata |
| What are differentiated appendages? | appendages articulated with striated muscles. can be uniamus or biramus. |
| What kind of body cavity do arthropods have? | they are coelomates with a reduced cavity. |
| What kind of respiratory system do arthropods have? | they have tracheal system of air tubes directly to cells. |
| Do arthropods have sensory organs? | Arthropods have highly developed sensory organs. |
| Do larvae have different niches than adults? | Larvae can exploit different niches than adult |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, how many tagmata? | 2: cephalothorax and abdomen |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, how many appendages and what are they? | six pairs of appendages. -a pair of chelicerae -pair of pedipalps -4 pair of walking elgs, uniramous |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, do they have an antennae or mandible? | No mandible or antennae. they were lost. |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, how do they eat food? | They suck liquid from prey. |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, ClassMerostomata, common name? | Horseshoe crab |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae common name? | Spiders, they all are predatious |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae use the function of Chelicerae to do what? | Chelicerae used as fangs and that are connected to venom glands. |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae how do they digest prey? | Liquify prey with digestive fluids and then suck the contents. |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae what does the respiratory system consist of? | Book lungs or trachea with spiracles |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae what does the excretory system consist of? | malphigian tubules with rectal gland |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae what is the path of the excretory system? | Waste material gathered in tubules and drained into intestine, intestine absorbs water, living very dry excreted waste (uric acid) |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae what are coxal gland? | Modified nephridia that open at the base of the first and third walking leg |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae what is web spinning? | Silk glands spin web that hardens when contacts air |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae how many eyes do they have? | 8 poor eyes none of them compounds |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae how do they use their sensory system? | Rely strongly on sensing vibrations with sensory setae, including communication with other spiders |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae where is the sperm? | incorporated with sperm |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae where does the male spider insert sperm? | into the females seminal receptacle where it can exist for months until the eggs are ready |
| Subphylum Chelicerata, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae what does the female create? | Create a cocoon to house eggs until they hatch. |
| What are dangerous spiders in michigan? | the black window and brown recluse |
| What are other taxa included in Class Arachnida? | Scorpians, ticks, mites, harvestmen |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Myriapoda how many tagmata? | 2; head and trunk |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Myriapoda what kind of appendages? | Uniramous appendages on trunk segments |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Myriapoda do they have appendages, antennae, and a mandible? | Has antennae, mandible and maxillae |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Myriapoda:Class Chilopoda: Centipedes what kind of segments? | segments with a single pair of appendages. first appendage modified to venomous claw |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Myriapoda:Class Diplopoda: Millipedes what kind of segments? | segments are fused because of spiracles. two pairs of appendages |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea body plan? | head thorax and abdomen; sometimes cephalothorax |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea how many antennae on the head? | 2 |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea do they have a mandible and maxillae? | mandible and two pairs of maxillae |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea what can the dorsal cuticle create? | creates a carapac from extending backwards. |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea what kind of appendages? | Biramous appendages, with a pair on each segment. often specialized |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea how to they feed? | scavengers |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea what are the two parts of the crayfish stomach? | gastric mill with three teeth and filter of setae |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea how do they respirate? | gills with branchial chamber protected by carapac |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea where does osmoregulation and excretion take place? | in pair glands in the head including green glands |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea what is the nervous system composed of? | brain and ganglia in every segment. |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea do they have eyes? | median and compound eyes |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea are monoecious, dioecious, or parthenogenesis? | can be either of those m,d, or p |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea what is the larval stage called? | nauplii |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea what are dormant eggs called? | diapause |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea :Class Branchiopoda common names? | shrimp and daphnia |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea:Class:Maxillopoda common names | ostracods, copepods, tongue worms and barnacles |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea:Class Malacostraca common names | lobster, crabs, crayfish |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea:Class Malacostraca are they decapods? | yea, decapods have chelae |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta what kind of appendages? | six uniramous legs |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta what is the body plan? | head, thorax, abdomen |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta what are mouth parts? | mandible, maxillae, labium, labrum, hypopharynx |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta how do they breathe? | tracheal system |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta excretion system? | malpighian tubes |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta how are their eyes? | low resolution, high speed |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta what are sensilla? | cuticle modifications used for vibrations (including sound) and chemosensory |
| Arthropoda: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta how do they reproduce? | Dioecious with internal fertilization and spermatophores. |
| What are the steps of metamorphosis? | egg(ova), caterpillar (larvae), caterpillar beginning or pupals, Chrysalis (Pupa), butterfly emerging, butterfly adult |
| Chaetognatha: Arrow Worms what are its deutrostome traits? | mouth arises secondly and entercoely |
| Chaetognatha: Arrow Worms what are its protostome traits? | cleavage like ecdysozoa and ventral nerve cord |
| Echinodermata coelom? | fluid filled and circulates in the body cavity |
| Echinodermata larvae? | bilateral |
| Echinodermata mouth and anus | new ones form when adults |
| Echinodermata ossicles? | calcareous plates creating endoskeleton |
| Echinodermata what is the water vascular system? | part of the coelom, used to locomote podia |
| Echinodermata what is the flow of water in the water vascular system? | 1. madreporite: filters water 2. stone canal 3. ring canal 4. radial canal 5. lateral canal: one‐way valve 6. podia(tube feet) |
| Echinodermata what is pedicellariae? | Minute pincers coveringsurface, used for cleaning and defense |
| Echinodermata what is dermal branchiae? | Gas exchange sites drawing fluids from coelom |
| Echinodermata: Asteroidea what is on the oral side? | mouth and Ambulacrum with open groove and rows of podia |
| Echinodermata: Asteroidea what is on the aboral side? | Spiny, tough surface, Pedicellariae, Dermal branchiae, Anus, Madreporite |
| Echinodermata: Asteroidea what are the two parts of the stomach? | pyloric and cardiac stomach |
| Echinodermata: Asteroidea what is the cardiac stomach? | lower part can be everted through the mouth |
| Echinodermata: Asteroidea what is the pyloric stomach? | connects with pyloric ceca located in the arms |
| Echinodermata: Asteroidea what is in the nervous system? | nerve ring, net, and eyespots at the tip of each arm |
| Echinodermata: Asteroidea how does it reproduce? | external dioecious |
| Echinodermata: Asteroideawhat is the larval stage? | bilateral |
| Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea common name | brittle stars, its appendages easily break off. 5 arms like sea star |
| Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea what are unique features? | -Organs confined to central disc – No pedicellariae or papulae – Respiration, reproduction occurs in bursae |
| Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea what are unique features? | – Closed ambulacral grooves – Arms serve movement, with podia only used for feeding – Madreporite located on oral side – No anus, waste going back out the mouth |
| Echinodermata: Echinoidea common name? | sea urchins and sea dollars |
| Echinodermata: Echinoidea body of sea urchin? | enclosed in shell |
| Echinodermata: Echinoidea body of sea dollar? | fused ossicles |
| Echinodermata: Echinoidea what is on the surface? | movable spines and pedicellaria present |
| Echinodermata: Echinoidea what does the Periproct area have? | has anus, madreporite, and genital pores |
| Echinodermata: Holothuroidea common name? | sea cucumbers and reduction in ossicles |
| Echinodermata: Holothuroidea where are the ambulacra strips? | 3 of 5 developed on side touching the bottom |
| Echinodermata: Holothuroidea where is the podia? | around mouth adapted to oral tentacles |
| Echinodermata: Holothuroidea madreporite? | not conected to outside |
| Echinodermata: Crinoidea common name? | sea lillies and feather stars |
| Hemichordata: Class Enteropneusta (acorn worms) body plan? | Body design • Proboscis • Collar • Trunk |
| Hemichordata: Class Enteropneusta (acorn worms) characteristics? | – Gill slits – Buccal diverticulum – Glomerulus – Ventral and dorsal nerve cord (hollow) – Tornaria larvae note tripartite coelom |
| Phylum Chordata 5 major characteristics? | -notochord -hollow dorsal nerve chord -pharyngeal slits -endostyle/thyroid gland -postanal tail |
| Subphylum Urochordata common name? | tunics(sea squirts) |
| Subphylum Urochordata do larvae possess chordate traits? | -possess all 5 traits |
| Subphylum Urochordata do adults possess chordate traits? | Adults lose notochord and tail, dorsal nerve chord reduced to ganglia |
| Subphylum Urochordata Adults function of pharyngeal slit? | filter particles |
| Subphylum Urochordata heart? | alternates directions |
| Subphylum Urochordata benthic or pelagic? | both |
| Subphylum Cephalochordata common names? | lancelets |
| Subphylum Cephalochordata general characteristics? | – Circulatory system with no heart – Gills used in feeding – Nerve cord not anteriorly enlarged as with vertebrate brain – Segmented trunk musculature |
| Subphylum Craniata/Vertebrata endoskeleton function? | Provides support, muscle attachment, jointed for flexibility |
| Subphylum Craniata/Vertebrata endoskeleton made out of? | First cartilage, then bone (ossification), calcium phosphate |
| Subphylum Craniata/Vertebrata function of bone? | to store minerals |
| Subphylum Craniata/Vertebrata nervous system consist of? | Tripartite brain protected by cranium...(forebrain, midbraind, and hindbrain) and also pair sensory organs |
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