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science ch2 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Passive transport | The movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy. |
Diffusion | Movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
Osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane. |
Facilitated Diffusion | When molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins. |
Carrier proteins | carry large molecules through the cell membrane (ex. sugar molecule, glucose) |
Channel proteins | form pores through the membrane. Atomic particles such as sodium ions pass through the cell membrane by channel proteins. |
Active Transport | Movement of substances through the cell membrane only bu using the cell's energy. |
Endocytosis | Part of the cell membrane wraps around a particle, forming a vesicle inside the cell. |
Exocytosis | A vesicle's membrane joins with the cell membrane. The contents of the vesicle are released outside the cell. |
Cellular respiration | A series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP. Happens in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. |
Glycolysis | A process in which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller molecules |
Fermentation | A reaction in which Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low. |
Photosynthesis | A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen. Happens in the chloroplasts. |