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Test 4
DNA & RNA and DNA PROTIEN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PROTIEN | can code for protien production |
| DNA STRUCTURE | Molecular Genetics |
| Name the nucleotide building blocks | 5-C Sugar-Deoxyribose Nitrogen base Purines-Adenine/Guanine Pyrimidines-Thymine/cytosine |
| Usually composed of a double strand of DNA | DNA |
| Nitrogen bases-A,G,C,T | DNA NUCLEOTIDE |
| Nitrogen bases-A,G,C,U | RNA NUCLEOTIDE |
| What nucleotide consist of Thymine | DNA |
| this nucleotide consist of Uracil | RNA |
| Modes of Replication | Conservative, semiconservative, dispersive |
| Single stranded DNA templetes | primiming,elongation,replacement of RNA primer by DNA |
| Single stranded binding protiens | Primase, DNA polymerse,Ligase |
| MENDELIAN DEFINITION | An inheritance factor |
| one gene is | BEADLE AND TATUM |
| ONE PROTEIN | Neurospora ceassa |
| ONE GENE ONE POLYPEPTIDE | ONE GENE ONE POLYPEPTIDE |
| What is protein synthesis | the process of making proteins; bonding amino acids in sequence |
| Where does it take place? | Ribosome – composed of RNA and is the location of protein synthesis Bound and free floating |
| RNA TYPES | MESSENGER RNA - mRNA TRANSFER RNA - tRNA RIBOSOMAL RNA – rRNA Ribozymes |
| How do we get the message from the nucleus to the ribosome | TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION |
| CODE FOR AMINO ACIDS | UAA, UAG AND UGA/UUU - Phenylalanine/AUG - START SIGNAL AND METHIONINE |
| AMINO ACID SEQUENCE | MET – LYS – PHE – GLY – LEU – PRO – TYR - STOP |
| WHAT IS ONE TYPE IN PROKARYOTES AND HAS THREE TYPES IN EUKARYOTES | RNA POLYMERASE |
| THIS HAS AN INITIATION SEQUENCE AND A TERMINATION SEQUENCE ALS A NUCLEOTIDE ELONGATION BETWEEN | TRANSCRIPTION UNIT |
| NAME 3 KEY STEPS IN TRANSCRIPTION | INITIATION SEQUENCE TERMINATION SEQUENCE NUCLEOTIDE ELONGATION BETWEEN |
| POLYPEPTIDE BUILDING TRANSLATION | |
| WHAT ARE TWO SUBSTITUTION MUTATIONS | MISSENSE,NONSENSE |
| TWO DELETION MUTATIONS | INSERTION or ADDITION |
| WHAT ARE THE 5 MUTATIONS CALLED | POINT MUTATIONS,DELTION MUTATION, |
| MOST COMMON TEMINATION SEQUENCE | AATAAA |
| WHAT IS A Sequence of tRNA that carries the amino acid to the ribosome | tRNA |
| WHAT ARE 3 base sequence the compliments the codon sequence | ANTICODON |
| The anticodon prevents an amino acid froM attaching at the wrong location. WHAT PROCESS IS THIS | PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
| THREE TERMINATION CODES | UAA, UAG AND UGA |
| WHAT ARE THE TRIPLET CODONS | CODE FOR AMINO ACIDS |
| AUG STANDS FOR WHAT | METHYNE/ START |
| WHAT CONTAINS THYMINE AND DEOXYRIBOSE | DNA NUCELOTIDES |
| WHAT CONTAINS URACIL AND RIBOSE | RNA NUCLEOTIDES |
| WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF DNA MOLECULE | Polymer Nucleotides: |
| WHAT IS THE SUGAR TYPE IN THE DNA MOLECULE STRUCTURE | DEOXYRIBOSE |
| WHAT ARE THE 4 NITROGEN BASES | Thymine,Adenine,Cytosine,Guanine |
| WHAT IS THE MONOMER COMPOSITION FOR DNA | Nucelotides |
| NAME THE 3 COMPONTEST EACH POLYMONEMOER NUCLEOTIDE CONSIST OF | Nitrogenous,Pentose sugar(deoxyribose), Phosphate group. |
| WHO WERE THE SCIENTIST INVOLVED IN DNA DISCOVERY | Rosalinda-x-ray crystallography of DNA James Watson & Francis Crick- Griffith-studying streptoccus |
| WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF THE DOUBLE HELIX | two twisted strands, right handed curving up to the right. |
| WHAT IS THE ANTI PARALLEL SHAPED AS | ARRANGED IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS,UNTWISTED |
| WHAT ARE THE BONDING RULES RULES FOR DOUBLE HELIX | both strands are held together by hydrogen bonds. |
| WHAT ARE THE BONDING RULES FOR THE ANTI-PARALLEL | strong covalent bonds link the unis of each strand. weaker hydrogen bonds hold one strand to another . |
| DEFINE REPLICATION | the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule |
| WHAT ENZYMES ARE INVOLVED IN DNA REPLICATION | Primase,2 DNA polymerase,Ligase |
| WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PRIMASE ENZY,E | Priming of Okazaki fragment |
| WHAT IS THE ROLE OF DNA POLYMERASE | Elongation of Fragment |
| WHAT IS THE ROLE OF LIGASE | Joining of fragments |
| WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE 2ND DNA POLYMEARSE | Replacement of RNA primer by DNA |
| WHAT ARE OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS | they are synthesized lagging strands |
| WHY ARE OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS FORMED | leading strands which are elongated continusley that have been synthesized |
| PROTIENS ARE.......AT THE RIBOSOME | SYNTHESIZED |
| CAN DNA LEAVE THE NUCLEUS | NO |
| WHAT CONTAINS THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE(PROTIEN ASSEMBLY) | DNA |
| WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE IF RNA MOLECULE | BACKBONE STRUCTURE |
| WHAT ARE THE FOUR NITROGEN BASES IN RNA MOLECURE | ADNENINE,GUANNINE,CYSTOSINE,URICLIL |
| WHAT IS THE MONOMER COMPOSITION FOR RNA | HYDOLOSIS |
| WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF THE RNA MOLECULE | SINGLE HELIX, |
| WHAT IS THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE | MET – LYS – PHE – GLY – LEU – PRO – TYR - STOP |
| WHAT IS THE DEFININTION OF TRANSCRIPTION | Syntheisof RNA using information in the DNA |
| WHY DO WE NEED TRANSCRIPTION RNA | to give the genes protien build up |
| WHAT ENZYMES ARE INVOLVED DURNING TRANSCRIPTION OF DNA TO RNA | POLYMERASE |
| DEFINE TRANSLATION IN RNA | The synthsis for polypetide using the information in the mRNA |
| WHAT IS THE RIBOSOMES RELATIONSHIP TO ELONGATION | CODON RECOGNITION,TRANSLOCATION |
| P-SITE(Peptidyl-tRNA binding site) | holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain |
| A-SITE (aminoacyl-tRNA binding site) | holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the chain. |
| E-SITE (exit site) | The ribosome holds the tRNA and mRNA in close proximity and positions the new amino acid for addition to carboxyl end of the growing peptide |
| DEFINE MUTATION | A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organisms DNA or in the DNA/RNA of a virus |
| DEFINE POINT MUTATION | A change in in a single nucleotide pair of a gene |
| WHAT ARE THE DIFFRENT TYPES OF POINT MUTAION | Insertion,Deletion,substitution |
| DEFINE FRAME SHIFT ` | A mutation occuring when nucleotides are insterted in ordeleted from a gene and the number inserted of deleted is not a multiple of three,reulting in the improper groupong of the subsequent nucleotides into codons |
| HOW DO U RECONIZE A FRAME SHIFT DURING A POINT MUTAION | extensive missense |
| DEFINE SISTER CHROMATIDS | two copies of duplicate chromosomes attached to each other by by protien at the centomer |
| DEFINE HISTONES | a small protien with high proportion of positivly charged amino acids that binds to the negativity charged DNA, also a key role in chromatin structure |
| DEFINE BACRERIOPHAGE | a virus that infects bacteria aka (phage) |
| DEFING SIMCONSERVATIVE REPLICATION | replicated double helix consist of one old strand,derived from the parntal molecule, and one newly made strand |
| DEFINE COMPLEMENTARY PAIRS | Double stranded DNA molecule made in vitro using mRNA as a templete and the enzymes reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase |
| DEFINE INTRONS | non coding sequence within a primary transcript that is removed from the transcript during RNA processign |
| DEFINE EXONS | a sequence within primary transcript remains in the RNA after RNA processign: also in the region of transcribe |
Created by:
gates05
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