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DKelly
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe their contributions to the Theory of Evolution - Francesco Redi | disproved spontaneous generation using meat in jars and flies |
| Describe contribution - Louis Pasteur | disproved spontaneous generation using microbes in broth |
| describe contribution - Stanley Miller & Harold Urey | proved that abiogenesis COULD happen; they recreated early earth's atmosphere and results were that an amino acid (organic molecule) was formed from inorganic materials |
| describe contribution - Lynn Margulis | compared mitochondria and chloroplasts to prokaryotes to show that eukaryotes were likely created through andosymbiosis of two prokaryotes. Her theory was called the endosymbiotic theory. |
| describe contribution - Charles Darwin | developed his theory of evolution by way of natural selection; wrote a book (Origin of Species) that detailed his findings and how he arrived at his theory |
| describe contribution - Alfred Russel Wallace | Independently came up with his own theory of natural selection around the same time as Darwin. At some point the two worked together -sharing evidence. |
| Describe how each line of evidence is used as evidence for evolution - give example of each. Fossil Record | compared fossils to similar, current organisms to establish relatedness; looked at how they were similar and how they were different. |
| Describe how evidence is used - give example Comparative Anatomy | compared similarities and differences between similar parts of organisms to establish lineage (homologous structures) and to compare and contrast parts of those that did not share a common ancestor (analogous structures) |
| describe how evidence is used - give example Comparative Embryology | Compare the embryos, as well as the growth and development of organisms to each other to establish relatedness (lineage) |
| describe how evidence is used - give example comparative biochemistry | compare the embryos, as well as the growth and development of organisms to each other to establish relatedness (lineage) (This technology was not available for Darwin) |
| describe how evidence is used - give example Bio-geography | comparing similar organisms in similar environments all over the world - looking at similarities and differences to establish lineage. (this is what Darwin did) |
| describe how evidence is used - give example artificial selection | looking at the changes resulting from human interference, such as domestication of animals and breeding plants and animals for the purpose of creating organisms with desired traits. |
| Define - Homologous Structure | similar structures that are compared to similar organisms who have a common ancestor |
| Define - vestigial structure | structures that are present ina species that are reduced to size and are no longer functional; it is believed that these structures were functional and served a purpose in an ancestor |
| define - analogous structure | similar structures that are compared to similar organisms who DO NOT have a common ancestor |
| define - transitional fossil | fossils that have features that are shared by different species - possibly "in-between" species |
| define - mimicry | A species that has adapted to resemble another species; usually a defense mechanism. |
| define - fitness | is a measure of how well a trait ensures the reproductive success of the individual; the better the trait fits into the environment, the more "fit" the individual is deemed in the population |
| define - camouflage | a species that has adapted to blend in with its environment |
| define - adaptation | a population that is changed or changes so as to become suitable (fit) to a new or changed environment, role or situation |
| Compare and contrast - prokaryotes and eukaryotes | compared - both are types of cells Prokaryotes - smaller, simple, no nucleus or other membranous organelles. Eukaryotes - larger, more complex, has a nucleus and many other organelles. |
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