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Types of Rocks

Vocabulary associated with types of rocks

TermDefinition
Granite a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in the continental crust
Basalt a dark, dense igneous rock with a fine texture, found in the oceanic crust.
Texture the look and feel of a rock’s surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock’s grains.
Sedimentary Rock a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
Sediment small, solid pieces of material that comes from rocks or organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion
Rock Cycle a series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks form one kind to another
Organic Rock sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers
Metamorphic Rock a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions
Intrusive igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface
Igneous Rock a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock, at or below the surface
Grains the particles of minerals of other rocks that give a rock its texture
Foliated term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.
Extrusive igneous rock that forms from lava on the Earth’s surface
Erosion the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock or soil
Deposition process in which sediment is laid down in new locations
Compaction the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight
Clastic Rock sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure
Chemical Rock sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution
Cementation the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass
Created by: ms.corley
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