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ES 06 Earth Layers
Terms associated with Earth's layers.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Kola Superdeep Borehole | deepest hole ever dug by man, 7.5 miles deep, in Russia |
| crust | thinnest, least dense upper layer of Earth that makes up 1% of Earth's mass |
| oxygen and silicon | top two elements in Earth's crust (not in notes) |
| granite | igneous rock type that is most common in continental crust |
| basalt | igneous rock type that is most common in oceanic crust |
| tectonic plate | one of the pieces of Earth's crust that float around, changing position over time |
| mantle | largest layer of Earth's crust, its a semi-solid region that contains the asthenosphere and part of the lithosphere |
| convection | rotating/swirling movement in Earth's mantle that causes the surface plates to shift position over time is a ___ current |
| lithosphere | 'crunchy' layer of Earth, containing the crust and the upper part of the mantle |
| density | variations in this property, the result of temperature differences in the mantle, cause convection currents to form |
| asthenosphere | 'plastic' layer of the upper mantle upon which the lithosphere floats and shifts |
| iron and nickel | two most common elements in Earth's core |
| outer core | liquid metal layer of Earth whose currents are believed to be responsible for Earth's magnetic field |
| inner core | Earth's solid rotating center make of Fe/Ni, density 13, pressure 2 million times greater than surface, temperatures over 10,000° F |
| oceanic | composed mostly of dark basalt, the ___ crust averages 7 km (4 miles) thick, forms at mid-ocean ridges and is 200 million years old or younger |
| continental crust | composed mostly of granite, the ___ crust averages 35 km (20 miles) thick and may be up to 4 billion years old |
| Moho discontinuity | boundary between Earth's crust and mantle discovered by the way it affected seismic (earthquake) waves |
| seismologist | scientist who studies earthquake (seismic) waves |
| seismic | earthquakes produce ___ waves that can be used to map Earth's interior |
| volcanologist | scientist who studies volcanoes |
| lith- | prefix, derived from Greek, meaning "stone" |
Created by:
goakley
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