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Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Genetics The study of inheritance
Inheritance The passing on of traits from one generation to the next
Traits Physical and chemical characteristics that a living organism possess
Gametes Haploid sex cells
Fertilisation The fusion of two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
Allele A form of a gene where a number of different types of the same gene exist
Locus The position of an allele or gene on a chromosome
Homozygous Means that two alleles are the same
Heterozygous Means that two alleles are different
Dominance This is where one allele (the dominant one) masks the effect of another allele
Recessive This is where an allele's effect is only expressed when in the homozygous condition
Genotype This is the genetic make-up of an individual
Phenotype This is the physical make-up of an individual
Monohybrid cross A genetic mating between two organisms where one gene is studied
Genetic cross A diagram or table showing how characteristics are inherited
Incomplete dominance This occurs when a cross between organisms of two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a mixture of the parental phenotypes
Who is the father of modern genetics? Gregor Mengel
State Mendel's first law of segregation It states that each cell contains two factors for each trait.
State Mendel's second law of independent assortment It states that members of one pair of factors separate independently of another pair of factors during gamete formation.
Dihybrid cross Genetic mating between two organisms where two separate genes are studied.
Sex linkage This is where a gene is located on a sex chromosome
Non-nuclear inheritance The passing on of features from one generation to the next without the use of the nucleus.
Created by: Oluwaseun
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