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M30 Elimination
NUR 111 Module 30 Elimination
| Bulk-forming Laxatives (e.g., psyllium fiber) | Product that causes stool to absorb water & swell, stimulating peristalsis. Usually acts within 24hrs. May interfere w/ absorption of Ca & Fe & certain drugs. |
| Stool softener (e.g., docusate) | Agent has detergent activity allowing H2O & fat to penetrate & lubricate stool. Recommended for someone who must avoid straining. Lubricant component of drug may interfere w/ absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. |
| Emollient (lubricant) (e.g., Mineral Oil) | Lubricates intestinal tract & slows colonic absorption of water, softening stool, making it easier to pass. Usually effective within 8hrs. May interfere w/ absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Can be aspirated, risk of lipid pneumonia. |
| Stimulant (e.g., bisadocyl) | Irritates intestinal mucosa or stimulates nerve endings in intestinal wall to promote peristalsis. Works more quickly than bulking agents. Most Abused lax. Causes lazy bowel syndrome |
| Saline-osmotic (e.g., magnesium hydroxide) | Draws H2O into intestine & stimulates peristalsis. Used for rapid cleansing. Should not be used by elderly. Can cause dehydration. Not rec. in pts w/ kidney disease or heart failure. |
| Diphenoxylate & atropine | Slows gastric motility. Advantages: Effective Cautions: Chemically related to morphine; atropine added to prevent addiction, high doses can still become addictive. May cause drowsiness. |
| Loperamide | Inhibits peristalsis by direct effect on gastrointestinal muscle walls. Advantages: Not addictive. Longer duration than Lomotil. Cautions: May cause drowsiness. DC if no improvement within 48hrs. |
| Kaolin-pectin | Absorbs Advantages: No drowsiness. Cautions: May interfere w/ absorption of other meds. May interfere w/ nutrient absorption. |
| Bismuth subsalicylate | Decrease secretion of GI tract. Antimicrobial action against bacterial & viral pathogens. Advantages: No drowsiness. Cautions: Contains salicylates. Chk w/ physician before admin to children or admin w/ aspirin. May decrease absorption of some meds. |
| Tap water (hypotonic) enema | Amt: 500-1,000 mL Action: Increases peristalsis, softens stool. Time: 15 min SE: F & E imbalance, H2O intoxication. |
| Normal saline (isotonic) enema | Amt: 500-1,000 mL Action: Increases peristalsis, softens stool. Time: 15 min SE: F & E imbalance, sodium retention. |
| Soap enema | Amt: 500-1,000 mL (concentrate @ 3-5 mL/1,000 mL) Action: Irritates intestinal mucosa, softens stool. Time: 10-15 min SE: Rectal mucosa irritation or damage. |
| Hypertonic enema | Amt: 70-130 mL Action: Irritates intestinal mucosa. Time: 5-10 min SE: Sodium retention. |
| Oil (mineral, olive, or cottonseed oil) enema | Amt: 150-200 mL Lubricates stool & intestinal mucosa. Time: 30 min |
| Foods That May Cause Gas | Alcohol & beer, carbonated beverages, chewing gum, chives, cucumbers, dried peas, beans, & lentils, eggs, some fried food, melon, onions, peppers, pickles, sauerkraut. |
| Foods That May Cause Stomal Blockage | Bean sprouts, cabbage, raw carrots, celery, coconut, corn, cucumbers, dried fruit, green pepper skin, lettuce, mushrooms, nuts, olives, peas, pickles, pineapple, popcorn, seeds, skins & seeds from fruits & veggies, spinach. |
| Foods That May Help To Control Diarrhea | Applesauce, bananas, cheese, creamy peanut butter, oatmeal or oatbran, potatoes, soda crackers, starchy foods (rice & pasta), yogart. |
| Foods That Produce Odor | Asparagus, dried peas, beans, eggs, fish, garlic, onions, turnip. |
| Foods That Are Natural Intestinal Deodorizers | Buttermilk, parsley, yogart. |
| What is the normal pH range of urine? | Normal raneg it 4.5-8. High-protein diet causes urine to be acidic. Citrus fruits, dairy prod., & veg., cause unrine to be alkaline. |
| What is the normal specific gravity range of urine? | Normal range is 1.005-1.035. Concentrated urine has higher specific gravity & diluted urine has lower specific gravity. |
| Turbidity of urine | Fresh urine should be clear or translucent. Becomes cloudy as it stands and cools. |
| Define: Anuria | 24-hr urine output is <50 mL. Kidney shutdown or renal failure. |
| Define: Dysuria | Painful or difficult urination. |
| Define: Frequency | Increased incidence of voiding. |
| Define: Nocturia | Waking up at night to urinate. |
| Define: Oliguria | Greatly diminished amount of urine voided in a given time. 24-hr urine output is < 400 mL. |
| Define: Polyuria | Excessive output of urine (diuresis). |
| Define: Proteinuria | Protein in urine; indication of kidney disease. |
| Define: Pyuria | Pus in the urine; urine appears cloudy. |
| Define: Suppression | Ceased urine production; Adult kidneys usually produce 60-120 mL/hr. |
| Define: Urgency | Strong desire to void. |
| Define: Urinary incontinence | Involuntary loss of urine. |
| Opium | Increases tone of smooth muscle Decrease GI motility Diminishes GI secretions Advanages: Effective Cautions: May be addictive. May cause drowsiness & lighheadedness. D/C when diarrhea has ceased. |
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mojoshare
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