Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Heart Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is considered a pluck? | Organs of the thoracic cavity: heart, lungs, thymus, and trachea. |
| Why do we use calf hearts? | They are readily available and are morphologically and size similar to the human heart. |
| What is the parietal pericardium? | It is a membranous, fluid-filled sac that encases the heart. It (1) anchors and (2) protects the heart. |
| What are the 3 types of tissue associated with the vessels at the top of the heart? | (1) Thymus tissue: smooth, gleaming pink surface, part of lymphatic system. (2) Lung tissue: spongy texture, pink/gray (3) Trachea and Bronchi: whitish tubes with tracheal rings |
| What are 2 functions of thymus tissues? | (1) It houses lymphocytes & phagocytes and (2) secretes hormones. It is also prominent in young animals and atrophies with age. |
| What is the foramen ovale? | It is an opening with a valve that shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium, preventing blood flow to the lungs. |
| What is the organ of gas exchange in fetal mammals? What does this mean? | The placenta. As a result, fetal lungs are collapsed and offer high resistance to blood circulation. |
| What is the ductus arteriosus? | It diverts blood from the fetal lungs by shunting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. Oxygen rich blood from the right ventricle is mixed with oxygen poor blood from the left ventricle and sent to systemic circulation. Mixing occurs. |
| What happens to the lungs at birth to the foramen ovale? | The lungs inflate, pulmonary resistance decreases, and pulmonary blood flow increases. The increase in pulmonary blood flow causes left atrial pressure to be greater than right atrial pressure, closing the foramen ovale (now fossa ovalis). |
| What happens to the lungs at birth to the ductus arteriosus? | Inflation of the lungs releases proteins that mediate constriction of the ductus arteriosus, which will closes a few months after birth to become the ligamentum arteriosum. |
| What are the 2 major heart sounds? | (1) Lub, the first & loudest sound caused by the closure of the AV valves as ventricular pressure rises above atrial pressure (2) Dub, caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves as ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure |
| What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures? | The pulse pressure |
| What is the name of the blood pressure cuff? | The sphygmomanometer |
| What is the SA node? | It is the pacemaker for the entire heart, as well as spreads the wave of excitement from the right and left atria. |
| What is the AV node? | At the base of the right atrium, it is where the wave of excitement passes to the ventricles because it has specialized conductive properties and connected to Bundle of His and the Purkinje System. |
| What does the P wave stand for? | Atrial depolarization |
| What does the QRS wave stand for? | Ventricular depolarization and ventricular systole (atrial repolarization too) |
| What does the T wave stand for? | Ventricular repolarization |
| How do you calculate cardiac output (L/min)? | Stroke Volume (L/beat) * Heart Rate (beats/min) |
| What is the Frank-Starling law? | What goes in, must come out; the heart increases its contractile strength with increasing volume so that the end diastolic volume of the heart determines SV. |
| What are limitations to increasing the cardiac output? | The size of the heart. So instead, must increase the heart rate caused by decreases in parasympathetic stimulation and increases in sympathetic stimulation of the SA node of the heart. |
| How does the cardiac output relate to VO2? | Linearly. |
| What is the mean arterial pressure? | The average pressure in the cardiovascular system. |
| What affects the MAP? | (1) The resistance to fluid movement through the circulatory system--Total Peripheral Resistance (2) Amount of fluid attempting to pass through the resistive space (cardiac output) |
| Why is there vasodilation during exercise? | Hormonal effects and local responses to hypoxia |
| What are the 3 layers of the heart? | (1) Epicardium--outermost layer of epithelial and connective tissue (2) Myocardium--middle, thickest layer of cardiac muscle (3) Endocardium--a membrane consisting of endothelium and connective tissue |
| How does the blood flow through the heart? | Right atrium -> Tricuspid valve ->Right ventricle -> Pulmonary semilunar valve ->Pulmonary arteries -> Lungs -> Pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> Bicuspid valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic semilunar valve -> Aorta systemic circulation |
| What is the difference between the right and left sides of the heart? | The right side has thinner walls, and therefore less pressure. The left side has thicker walls, but venous blood pressure is too low to promote adequate blood return. |
| What is the sequence of excitation in the heart? | (1) The SA node (pacemaker) (2) AV node (3) Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His) (4) Bundle branches (5) Purkinje fibers |
| What is cardiac output? | It is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute. It is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. |
| How does the autonomic nervous system regulate heart rate? | Sympathetic nervous system stimulation is activated by stress, anxiety, excitement, or exercise. But the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation by acetylcholine dominates the autonomic stimulation, slowing heart rate and causing vagal tone. |
| How do you calculated the stroke volume? | End diastolic volume (blood collected in ventricle during diastole) - end systolic volume (blood remaining in a ventricle after contractions) |
| What are factors affecting stroke volume? | Preload--the amount ventricles are stretch by contained blood Contractility--cardiac cell contractile force due to factors other than EDV Afterload--back pressure exerted by blood in the large arteries leaving the heart |
Created by:
776699224
Popular Biology sets