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Musculoskeletal A&P
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| forms axis of the body; bones of the skull, thorax, and vertebral column | axial skeleton |
| bones of the upper and lower extremities | appendicular skeleton |
| firm, but flexible; smooth and resilient; essential for growth | cartilage |
| 3 types of cartilage | elastic, hyaline, fibrocartilage |
| contains some elastin; found in the ear | elastin cartilage |
| pure carilage; pearly white; most abundant | hyaline cartilage |
| most abundant cartilage | hyaline cartliage |
| found in the intravertebral disk, where tendons connect to bone, and the symphysis pubis | fibrocartilage |
| two forms of connective tissue | cartilage and bone |
| light wt but substantial; connective tissue | bones |
| 2 types of bone | cancellous and compact |
| spongy, found in the interior of bone | cancellous |
| rigid, outer shell of the bone | compact |
| differentiates into osteoblast; active in healing of fractures and replacement of worn out bones | osteogenic |
| bone-building cells | osteoblast |
| formation of osteoid; prebone | ossification |
| Ca deposits in the osteoid tissue | calcification |
| mature bone cells | osteocytes |
| phagocytic cells that function to reabsorb bone and remove minerals and the organic matter | osteoclasts |
| increases the number and reabsorption of the osteoclasts | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| reduces teh number and function of the osteoclasts | calcitonin |
| membrane covering osteogenic cell covering the bones | peristeum |
| membrane that lines the spaces of spongy bone, the marrow cavities, and compact bone canals | endosteum |
| where does bone grow from? | the mesoderm of embryonic tissue |
| special structure that helps long bones grow rapidly during the 1st 20 years of life without changing shape | epiphseal growth plate |
| what can disturb the growth plate? | trauma, nutritional def, metabolic changes |
| what are 2 nutritional def that distrub the growth plate? | scurvy and rickets |
| what disorders from metabolic changes distrub the growth plate? | thyroid disorders |
| prevents serum Ca levels from getting to low and Ph levels from getting to high; initates release of Ca from the bone, conserves Ca in kidneys, and > absorption of Ca int eh intestines | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| inhibits the release of Ca from the bone, reduces renal reabsorbtion in the kidneys; can be given as an injection or inhalation to tx osteoporosis | Calcitonin |
| steroid hormones; can get thru intestinal absorption or sun exposure; aids in absorption of Ca in the intestines and enhances PTH | Vitamin D |
| ____ and ____ are inversely proportional | Ph and Ca |
| bone found in the upper and lower extremities | Long |
| irregular shaped bone found in the ankles and wrists | Short |
| a layer or spongy bone b/t 2 layers of compact bone found int he skull and ribs | Flat |
| vertebrae and jaw bone | Irregular |
| shaft of bone | disphysis |
| ends of bone | epiphyses |
| _____ connect muscle to bone | tendons |
| cordlike structures or flattened sheets and covered with fluid filled sheath | tendons |
| _____ connect moveable bones of joints | ligaments |
| where two bones meet | joints |
| lack of joint cavity and moves very little | synarthroses |
| joints that are freely moveable | diarthroses |
| ______ prevents friction and wear and tear of joints and bone | synovial fluid |
| ____ pads the joint | cartilage |
| enclosed synovial sac in the diarthrotic joints especially where pressure will be exerted | bursae |
| developed from the disk that occupy the space b/t the cartilage | intra-articular menisci |
Created by:
TayBay15
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