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Stack #139523
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carb | compose of siple sugars |
| proteins compose of | amino acids |
| lipids compose of | fatty acids and glycerol |
| lugols solution identifies | starch |
| benedict's solution identifies | simple sugars |
| biuret's solution idenitifies | proteins |
| enzymes | organic catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction but are uncange by that reactin |
| rates of enzyme activity detrermined by | temperature,ph and amounts of enzyme or substrate |
| autotrophs | produce there own food |
| heteotrophs | obtain pre-made oragnic molecules for nutrition |
| cell membrane | regulates homeostasis with in a cell by selectively allowing material in and out. |
| active transport | use of energy to move materials from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentrations |
| diffusion and osmosis | requires no energy for movement high to low concentration |
| cellular respiration | conversion of chemical energy in food(glucose) into a stored form of energy known as ATP |
| metobolic waste products | co2, h2o,salts and nitrogenous wates such as ammonia |
| active immunity | occurs through direct contact with disease-causing or antigen- or by having vaccination whivch contains killed or weaken diseases |
| variability | accmplished through sexual reproduction, crossin over and mutaion |
| genes can be turn off and on by | environmental factors such as temperature,can influence gene expression or developement |
| atrificial selection | choosing desiriable traits an maintaining them within a species though selective breeding |
| abiotic | non living such as light, temperature |
| symbiotic relationships include | commensalism(+,0), mutualism(+,+)and parasitism(+,-) |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction with only one parent ; offspring are identical to parent |
| oxygen and caron cycle | is the cyclying of carbon and oxgyen in an ecosystem results from photosynthesis and respiration |
| cell wall | rigid structure that encloses the cell of plants |
| chromatid | one of the two strands of a double chromsome |
| chromosomes | rodlike structures in cell that undergo division and that contian hereditary information of the oragnism |
| chromatography | any technique that seperates substances in a mixture on the basis of their chemical properties |
| chlorophyll | malor photosynetic pigment of plants and algae |
| chloroplasts | plastids that conatin chlorophyll |
| cytoplasm | wavery material between the nucleus and the cell membrane |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytopalsm of the cell after mitosis or meosis , the cell divides into two parts each containing one of the newly formed nuclei and half of the other contents of the parent cell |
| decomposers | organism of decay |
| deoxyribose | a five carbon sugar found in DnA |
| dentries | short branches part of a neuron specialized for receiving nerve impulses and transporting them to cell bodies |
| differentiation | series of chnages that transforms unspecialized embryonic cells into specialized cells |
| digestion | breakdown of complx food materials into simpler forms |
| diploid | having to set of chromosomes |
| endocrine system | system of the body that regulates overall metabolism, homeostasis, growth and reproduvtion |
| eukaryotic cells | cells contain membrane |
| excretion | removal of waste substances form an oragnism |
| gametes | haploid cells that fuse with other haploid cells to form zygots; the sperm cells or egg cells |
| grandualism | darwins theory of evolution in which new species arise through gradual changes in their characteristics and thus evolution occurs very slowly over millions of years |
| genetic engineering | process of producing altered DNA usually breaking a DNA molecule and interting new genes |
| haploid | having only 1 chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes |
| inbreeding | breeding method in which closely related individuals are mated to retain or strengthen certain desiable traits |
| lysosomes | small sac like structures surrounded by single membranes and containing strong digestive |
| meosis | cell division that results in gametes with half the number in gametes with half the number of chromosomesas the parent cell. each gamete has half of the regular nember of chromosomes |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum: | the convoluted network of membranes throughout a cell |
| Ribosomes | are special organelles that are directly involved in protein synthesis. |
| RNA | is the genetic material that transcribes DNA's instructions and translates instruction into construction of protein.RNA is a single stranded molecule, lacks the base thymine (T) as it is replaced by the base uracil (u) |
| Ribosomal RNA | The protein factories= |
| Messenger RNA | The genetic copy of information transcribed from cell's DNA |
| Transfer TRNA | The Amino acid suppliers =Brings amino acid code form by MRNA , these amino acids are joined together to form proteins |
| sequence on how protein is made | First,the DNA code is copied on to the mRNA codon.This mRNA codon is then carried from the nucleus out to the ribosome.Messenger RNA attaches to another kind of RNA called tRNA.Transfer RNA attaches to amino acids carries them to the ribosome. |
| DNA | adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. |
| Natural selection | is the result of overproduction of offspring having variations, these variations struggling for survival, and the subsequent survival and increased reproduction of those best adapted to a particular environment. |
| variation | are differences between groups of organisms of one species.The variation of organisms within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of the species will survive under changed environmental conditions. |
| Sources of Variation | The exchanging and recombining of genes during meiosis and fertilization result in a great variety of new possible gene combinations from that of the parents. |
| Evolution is the consequence of the following factors: | the potential for a species to increase its numbers |
| Energy Flow | Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, typically from the Sun, through photosynthetic organisms or producers, to herbivores to carnivores and decomposers. |
| relationships | Some of these relationships include producer/consumer, predator/prey, or parasite/host |
| ecological succession | process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. |
| Theory of Natural Selection Overproduction: | Within a population more offspring are born than can possibly survive. |
| Competition: | Since the number of individuals in a population tends to remain constant from generation to generation due to limited resources, a struggle for survival occurs |
| Survival of the Fittest: | The individuals who survive are the ones best adapted to exist in their environment due to the possession of variations that best suit them to their environment. This genetic variability within a species is chiefly due to mutation and genetic recombinatio |
| Reproduction: | Variations assist or hinder individuals in their struggle for survival. The best adapted individuals survive and reproduce, passing on the favorable variations to their offspring. |
| Speciation: | As time and generations continue, adaptations are passed on and new species may evolve from a common ancestor. |
| Which statement best describes the term theory as used in the gene-chromosome theory? | a theory refers to a scientific explaination that is strongly supported by a variety of experimental data |
| which two systems are most directly involved in providing molecules needed for the synthesis of fats in human cells? | digestive and circulatorysince digestive system breaks down needed nutrients into useable form, circulatory system transports these nutrients to the cell. |
| which statement best describe the relationship between the terms cromosomes, genes, and nuclei? | genes are found on chromosomes. chromosomes are found in nuclei. |
| In the human pancreas, acinar cells produce digestive enzymes and beta cells produce insulin. the best explaination for this is that | different parts of an individual's DNA are used to direct the synthesis of different proteins in different types of cells |
| If mitotic cell division is the only way a aprticular species of single-celled organism can reproduce, it is most likely that | the rate of evolution in this species is slower than in one that reproduces |
| which statement is not part of the concept of natural selection | Genes of an individual adapt to a changing enironment. |
| In sexually reproducing species, the numeber of chromosomes in each body cell remains the same frrom one generation to the next as adirect result of | meosis and fertilization |
| which statement best describes what will most likely happen when an individual receives a vacination containg a weaking pathogen? | the ability to fight diseases caused by the pathogen will increase due to antibody production |
| bacteria that form biofilms may be contolled most effectively by | blocking the expression of a gene that helps the colonies to organize |
| enzymes are used in moving sectionsof DNA that code for insulin from the pancreas cells of the humans into a certain type of bacterial cell. this bacterial cell will reproduce, giving rise to offspring that are able to form | human insulin |
| zyhote is form | as a result of fertilization |
| genetic content of the zygote to that of a body cell of the parents | genetically different from cells of parents |
| biodiversity | change or varity of populations |
| which factor contributed most to the extinction of many species? | changes in the environment |
| the interaction between guard cells and a leaf opening would not be involved in | heterotrophic nutrition |
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mecpower
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