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Quarter 1
Quarter 1 Final Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | A large molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Glucose is an example (C6H12O6) |
| Lipid | A large molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Includes fats, oils, waxes and steroids. Also an important part of cell membranes. |
| Protein | A large molecule composed of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Made up of amino acids. Enzymes are an example. |
| Nucleic Acid | A large molecule made of of nucleotides. |
| Monomer | 1 single subunit. A single, small piece of a larger molecule. |
| Polymer | A multi-piece unit. Made up of many smaller parts. |
| Prokaryotic | An organism whose cell lacks a true nucleus. Example: Bacterial Cell |
| Eukaryotic | Organism possessing a membrane-bound nucleus. Examples: Plants, animals, fungi and protists |
| Homeostasis | The tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal conditions regardless of the changing outside conditions. |
| Chloroplast | An organelle found only in plant cells. They convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose sugar. |
| Mitochondria | The energy center of the cell. Changes food energy into chemical energy the cell can use. |
| Cell Membrane | Organelle that controls what substances may enter or exit the cell. |
| Ribosome | Organelle that helps synthesize proteins. |
| Osmosis | The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. |
| Diffusion | The tendency for molecules to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | A type of diffusion that occurs when molecules pass through protein channels. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of molecules along the concentration gradient... does not require energy. |
| Active Transport | The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient. Requires energy to occur. |
| Hypotonic | A solution that is less concentrated A cell in this solution will swell. |
| Hypertonic | A solution that his more concentrated A cell in this solution will shrink in size. |
| Isotonic | A solution that has equal concentration. There will be no net change in cell size because it is at equilibrium. |
| Hydrophilic | The "head" portion of a phospholipid faces outwards because it is ____________ and "loves water." |
| Hydrophobic | The "tail" portion of a phospholipid faces inwards because it is ___________ and "fears water." |
| Phospholipid | The main component of cell membranes. Also found in cell membranes are proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol. |
| Endocytosis | A form of active transport that occurs when a cell allows large molecules to enter the cell |
| Exocytosis | A form of active transport that occurs when a cell needs large molecules to exit the cell |
| Covalent Bond | A type of bond that occurs when two atoms share electrons |
| Ionic Bond | A type of bond that occurs when one atom gives electrons to another atom. This results in two charged particles that are attracted to one another. |
| Polar Molecule | A molecule that has a positive and negative end due to uneven sharing of electrons |
| Surface Tension | A thin film of water molecules created on the surface of a body of water that is created by the hydrogen bonds between water molecules |
| Specific Heat | The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance |
| 7 | the pH of water is ____________. |
Created by:
MsClaytonRUHS
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