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Human Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Passive Immunity | Antibodies not made but given, body has received a vaccine of ready made antibides/antitoxin |
| Vaccination | Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. |
| Immunisation | the act of making immune, especially by inoculation |
| Active Immunity | the immunity which results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen. |
| Passive Immunity | the short-term immunity which results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal. |
| Artificial Immunity | acquired (active or passive) immunity produced by deliberate exposure to an antigen, as in vaccination. |
| Maternal Immunity | A form of temporary immunity passed from a mother to her offspring while in the uterus and after birth in the colostrum and milk. |
| Monocyte | a large phagocytic white blood cell with a simple oval nucleus and clear, greyish cytoplasm. |
| Lymphocyte | White blood cell in lymph that makes antibodies. |
| Phagocyte | a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles. |
| Antibodies | a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. |
| Antigens | a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies. |
| First line of defense in body | skin, chemical in tears, chemical in sweat and stomach acid |
| Second line of defense | Active immunity |
| Boosters | substances that stimulate the immune system by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. |
| Revaccinations | Vaccination administered some period after an initial vaccination especially to strengthen or renew immunity |
| Pathogens | a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. |
| Symptoms | a physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the patient. |
| Inflammatory response | Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. |
| Histamine | a compound which is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries |
| Immune response sequence | |
| Memory Cells | a long-lived lymphocyte capable of responding to a particular antigen on its reintroduction, long after the exposure that prompted its production. |
| Basal Membrane | Cell to prevent air bubbles from forming in the blood, and from blood entering the alveoli. |
| Support cell | Any of the cells whose function is primarily To provide structural support in the epithelial membrane or tissue. |
| Olfactory Cell | Form of bipolar neuron: as with any other neuron, they’re so specialized they need a set of supporting cells. |
| Goblet Cell | Goblet cells are glandular simple columnar epithelial cells whose sole function is to secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form mucus. Mucous protects cells from acids etc. |
| Ciliated cell | The rowing-like action of epithelial cilia work in tandem with goblet cells to propel mucus away from the lungs, preventing particulate matter from causing infection. |
| Alveolar type 1 | Squamous [able to be flattened] pulmonary epithelial [outside of alveoli] cells is lining walls of alveoli and becoming Type 2 pneumocytes. |
| Alveolar type 2 | Secretes surfactant (rich in phospholipids) and absorbs sodium and water, rounded great alveolar cells. |
| Fibroblast | Structural component of alveoli made of cologne and “fibre”. Holds alveoli open. |
| Macrophage | Originate from blood borne monocytes; Function in the removal of cell debris and foreign material (eg. dust) from the lung. |
| Red blood cell | Biconcave bag with no nucleus and full of haemoglobin to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| Endothelial cell | The cells that form the endothelium are called endothelial cells |
| Surfactant | a substance which tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved |
| Alveolus Structure | type II alveolar cells which produce surfactant that reduces surface tension within the alveoli for more efficient expansion.A large surface area for gas exchange.thin walled to allow gas exchange. loaded with elastin which allows expansion. |
| mucous secreting cells in stomach | Cells lining the gastric pit and the neck are mucous secreting cells. |
| Parietal Cell | Release gastric acid, converting the pepsinogen (secreted by chief cells) into pepsin. Digest protein to amino acid. |
| Chief Cell | Chief Cells release pepsinogen. It works in conjunction with the parietal cells, which releases gastric acid, converting the pepsinogen into pepsin. |
| Enteroendocrine cell in stomach | Enteroendocrine cells produce hormones: serotonin, somatostatin, motilin, cholecystokinin. |
| Stem cell in gut | The majority of cells in the crypt are these undifferentiated cells, they are cuboidal to low columnar with few short cilli. They divide and give rise to absorptive enterocytes and secretory cells like goblet, enteroendocrine and Paneth cells |
Created by:
jyotiaryal1999
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