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Soil Formation
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SOIL | A mixture of rock fragments and decomposed organic matter (with water and air) |
| OXIDATION | When oxygen combines with another substance to create a new substance (rust is an example) |
| ACIDS IN LIVING THINGS | Plant roots and animals can produce weak acids that weather rock |
| ACIDS IN GROUNDWATER | Weak acids in groundwater that weather rock (can cause Karst caverns) |
| ACID PRECIPITATION | Weak acids in rain, snow, sleet, or hail |
| GRAVITY ABRASION | Rocks fall and hit other rocks, breaking them into smaller pieces |
| WIND ABRASION | Wind blows sand at rocks, 'sand-blasting' them into smaller pieces and interesting shapes |
| WATER ABRASION | Water picks up rocks, causing them to hit to hit other rocks, smoothing their edges |
| ICE WEDGING | Water freezes and thaws (contracts and expands), breaking soil and rock |
| PLANT ROOT WEATHERING | Plant roots grow and break soil and rock, breaking it into smaller pieces |
| ANIMAL BURROWING | Animals dig through soil and rock, breaking it down into smaller pieces |
| SOIL HORIZON | A layer of soil |
| SOIL PROFILE | A cross section of soil in which the horizons are identifiable |
| MECHANICAL/PHYSICAL WEATHERING | Processes by which rocks and soil are broken down by physical agents (no change in chemical nature) |
| CHEMICAL WEATHERING | Processes by which rocks and soil are broken down by chemical agents (creates a new substance, such as rust) |
| WEATHERING | Processes by which rocks and soil are broken down into small pieces |
| EROSION | Processes by which rocks and soil are transported to a new location |
| POROSITY | A soil's ability to absorb and hold water (pore space) |
| PERMEABILITY | The ability of water to flow through a soil |
| BEDROCK | Layer of solid rock beneath a soil |
| PARENT ROCK | Rock that is the source of a soil |
| SUBSOIL | (LIGHTER, SOMETIMES RED) Contains broken pieces of rock, clay, minerals leached from the eluviated horizon (iron), small amounts of organic matter |
| ELUVIATED HORIZON | (LIGHT) Minerals have been leached from horizon as water pass through |
| TOPSOIL | (DARK) Contains nutrients, humus, worms, ants, other ground insects |
| ORGANIC HORIZON | (AKA Litter) Contains plants, animals, animal feces |
| HUMUS | Organic material from the remains of decaying plants and animals |
| 4 AGENTS OF EROSIONS | Glacial, gravity, wind, water |
| VENTIFACT | A landform (rock) that has been abraded, pitted, etched, grooved, or polished by wind-blown sand |
Created by:
wba10885
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