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Bio. 130 Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What's blending inheritance? | traits observed in a mother + father blend together to form the traits observed in their offspring; the offspring's traits thus are intermediate("blend") of mother + father's traits |
| What's inheritance of acquired characters? | traits present in parents are modified through use + passed on to offspring in the modified form |
| Why did Mendel use peas for his experiment? | They differed in easily-recognizable traits(such as flower color or seed shape) + their mating was easy to control |
| What's a model system/organism? | species used for research b/c it's practical + b/c conclusions drawn from studying it turn out to apply to many other species, too |
| What's a phenotype? | the observable traits of an indiv., such as shape of a pea seed or eye color. |
| What's a genotype? | the alleles found in a particular idiv. |
| What's a monohybrid cross? | mating b/t parents hat each carry 2 diff. genetic determinants for the same trait |
| What's a dihybrid cross? | mating b/t 2 individuals that are heterozygous for 2 traits |
| What's the principle of segregation? | the 2 members of each gene pair must segregate into diff. gamete cells during formation of eggs + sperm. Thus, each gamete contains one allele of each gene. |
| What's homozygous? | 2 copies of the same allele---- RR or rr |
| What's heterozygous? | 2 different alleles for the same gene---- Rr |
| What's a gene? | determines a trait from heredity |
| What's an allele? | diff. versions of the same gene |
| What's pure-line breeding? | consists of 2 indiv. that produce offspring identical to themselves when they're self-pollinated or crossed to another member of the pure-line population. |
| What's the principle of segregation? | the 2 members of each gene pair must segregate into diff. gamete cells during the formation of eggs + sperm. Thus, each gamete contains one allele of each gene |
| What's the principle of independent assortment? | the allele for seed shape + the allele for seed color originally present in each parent will separate from each other + be transmitted independently. |
| What's genetic drift? | causes allele frequencies to change randomly; effect on fitness is random. catastrophies, some indiv. survive + some don't. more pronounced in smaller popultations |
| What's natural selection? | increases frequency of certain alleles that contribute to reproductive success in a particular environment |
| What's gene flow? | occurs when indiv. leave one population, join another, + breed; new indiv. to population introduce alleles to population, while indiv. that leave population move allelse from old population to new one. |
| What's a gene pool? | all of the alleles from all of the gametes produced in each generation go into a single group + then combine at random to form offspring--- this group is called a gene pool. |
| What's mutation, + what is it fundamentally? | modifies allele frequencies by continually introducing new alleles; fundamentally: the ultimate source of genetic variation in populations |
Created by:
hcmeek
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