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Biology 101

Chapter 13 Chromosomes and Human Genetics

TermDefinition
Chromosome Theory of inheritance Theory supported by much experimental evidence stating that genes are located on chromosomes
Homologous Chromosomes Chromosomes that are paired together and are the same during meiosis
Locus Physical location of a gene on a chromosome
Sex Chromosomes Chromosomes that determine a person's sex
Autosomes Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. The 22 remaining pairs of chromosomes
SRY Gene Gene located on the Y chromosome, that functions as a master switch, committing the sex of a developing embryo to "male"
Crossing-over Reciprocal exchange of segments of nonsister chromatids in prophase I
Independent assortment of chromosomes Random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes during meiosis
Genetic linkage Situation in which different genes are located close to one another on the same chromosome are inherited together
Pedigree Chart similar to a family tree that shows genetic relationships among family members over two or more generations of a family's history
Somatic Mutations Mutation that occurs in a cell other than a sex cell and hence is not passed down to offspring
Genetic Carriers Heterozygous individual (Aa) that carries the allele for a recessive genetic disorder but, because the allele is recessive, does not get the disorder
Sex-Linked Of or referring to genes located on a sex chromsomes
X-Linked Sex-linked genes that are located on the x chromosome
Y-Linked Sex-linked genes that are located on the y chromosome
Created by: jlorenzen
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