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Ch 21

Digestion - Marieb

Dental caries Leads to? erosion in the enamel leading to cavities; tooth decay generally results from the action of bacteria that normally inhabit the mouth.
Gingivitis Caused by? Leads to? inflammation of the gums usually caused by bacterial infection which can cause erosion of the gums, and if not treated leads to periodontal disease where the root becomes damaged and eventual tooth loss occurs.
Halitosis Caused by? Bad breath bacterial infection
Mumps Caused by? swollen parotid glands as a result of a virus (myxovirus) infection.
Hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach (or sometimes a loop of the small intestine) gets caught in the esophageal hiatus.
Acid reflux also called? chronic version called failure of the cardiac sphincter to prevent the backflow of stomach acids into the esophagus; also called heart burn. As a chronic condition, it is called GERD – gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Peptic and duodenal ulcers caused by? detoriation in the wall of the stomach or duodenum caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.
Ascites what causes it? accumulation of peritoneal fluid (due to liver disease, kidney disease, and heart failure) causes characteristic abdominal swelling.
Pancreatitis Caused by? prognosis? inflammation of the pancreas from either drugs, toxins, bacterial or viral infections, or blockages. If not treated can be fatal (1/8th of all cases).
Hepatitis caused by? inflammation of the liver as a result of alcohol consumption, viral infection (hepatitis A, B, and C are most common), or drugs.
Cirrhosis chronic inflammation of the liver leading to scarring of the liver.
Gallstones what is cholecystitis? – highly concentrated cholesterol derivatives in bile. If the gallstones are so large that they block the bile ducts and damage the wall of the gallbladder it is called cholecystitis.
Jaundice accumulation of bilirubin (yellow) in the skin as a result of a blockage or liver disease
Enteritis inflammation of the small intestine
Colitis side effects? inflammation of the colon, often involving diarrhea or constipation.
Hemorrhoids varicose veins of the rectum and large intestines.
Diarrhea caused by? watery stool caused by rapid movement of food through the digestive tract
Constipation caused by? hard and difficult to pass stool; typically due to slow movement through the digestive tract or not enough fiber
Diverticulitis inflamed herniation in the wall of the large intestines.
Appendicitis inflammation of the appendix as a result of a blockage trapping infectious bacteria within the lumen
The GI tract organs: mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
Accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Ingestion = occurs when foods and beverages enter the digestive tract via the mouth.
Mechanical processing = chewing, mixing of food with saliva, churning of food in the stomach and segmentation in the intestine
Propulsion = movement of food through the alimentary canal by swallowing and peristalsis
Chemical digestion = the chemical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into small organic molecules that can be absorbed.
Secretion = emission of water, enzyme, buffers, and acids into the lumen.
Absorption = movement of small organic end products and other important molecules (such as water, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals) from the lumen of the GI tract into the interstitial fluids, blood, or lymph.
Compaction what is the elimination of the compacted material? = the progressive dehydration of indigestible materials and organic wastes prior to elimination from the body. The compacted materials are called feces and the elimination of feces via the anus is called defecation.
What are the seven functions of the digestive system? ingestion, Mechanical processing, propulsion, chemical digestion, secretion, absorption, compaction
Created by: mbryan11
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