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Biology
Vocabulary for note cards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Autograph | Producers or self feeders |
| Primary consumers | First level of consumers (Herbivores) |
| Omnivores | Have a diet of both producers and consumers |
| Detritus | Dead organisms wastes and remains |
| Photosynthesis | The chemical process in which carbon dioxide and water are turned into carbohydrates with the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll |
| Consumer | Organisms that eat the other organisms are called consumers |
| Secondary consumers | The food provided for other organisms when primary consumers are eaten |
| Decomposers | They eat the remains of dead organisms. Decomposers are bacteria, fungi, and, mushrooms |
| Food webs | pattern of feeding in an ecosystem consisting of interconnected and branching food chains |
| Producers | organism that makes its own food and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms in its ecosystem |
| Heterotroph | organism that obtains food by eating other organisms |
| Carnivores | consumers that only eats other consumers |
| Trophic Level | feeding level in an ecosystem |
| Food chain | pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to another |
| Biomass | organic material manufactured by producers |
| Herbivores | consumers that eat only producers |
| Tertiary consumers | animals that feed on secondary consumers |
| Cellular respiration | chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP |
| Primary productivity | rate at which the producers in a ecosystem builds biomass |
| energy pyramid | diagram representing energy loss from one trophic level to the next |
| biomass pyramid | diagram representing the biomass in each trophic level of an ecosystem |
| pyramid of numbers | representation of the number of individual organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| potential energy | energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement |
| thermal energy | total amount of energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter |
| chemical energy | potential to perform work due to the arrangement of atoms within molecule |
| calorie | amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1°C |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| Thylakoid | disk-shaped sac in the stroma of a chloroplast; site of the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis | The chemical process in which carbon dioxide and water are turned into carbohydrates with the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll |
| light reactions | chemical reactions that convert the sun's energy to chemical energy; take place in the membranes of thylakoids in the chloroplast |
| chlorophyll | pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
| Calvin cycle | cycle in plants that makes sugar from carbon dioxide, H+ ions, and high-energy electrons carried by NADPH |
| stroma | thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast |
| wavelength | distance between adjacent waves |
| electromagnetic spectrum | range of types of electromagnetic energy from gamma waves to radio waves |
| Pigment | chemical compound that determines a substance's color |
| paper chromatography | laboratory technique used to observe the different pigments in a material |
| photosystem | cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in a thylakoid |
| Meiosis | type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell |
| Karyotype | display of a person's 46 chromosomes |
| Homologous Chromosome | one of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent |
| Sex Chromosome | one of two chromosomes of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes, which determine an individual's gender |
| Diploid | having two homologous sets of chromosomes |
| Gamete | egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair |
| Haploid | having a single set of chromosomes |
| Fertilization | the fusion of the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell and the nucleus of a haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote |
| Zygote | diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell |
| Tetrad | group of four chromatids formed during prophase I of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each of the two homologous chromosomes |
| trait | variation of a particular inherited character |
| Genetics | study of heredity |
| cross fertilization | process by which sperm from one flower's pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant |
| Hybrid | offspring of two different true-breeding varieties |
Created by:
ankithm
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