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Biology Notes
7.1 & 36.1 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Autotroph | Organism that makes its own food |
| Primary consumers | Consumer that feeds directly on producers |
| Omnviores | Consumer that eats both producers and consumers |
| Detritus | Wastes and remains of dead organisms |
| Photosynthesis | Process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| Consumer | Organism that obtains food by eating producers (autotrophs) or other consumers |
| Secondary COnsumers | Consumer that eats primary consumers |
| Decomposers | Organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms |
| Food Webs | Pattern of feeding in an ecosystem consisting of interconnected and branching food chains |
| Producers | Organism that makes its own food (autotroph) and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms in its ecosystem |
| Heterotroph | Organism that obtains food by eating other organisms |
| Carnivores | Consumer that eats only other consumers |
| Trophic Level | Feeding level in an ecosystem |
| Food Chain | Pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to another |
| Biomass | The total organic mass in the ecosystem. |
| Herbivores | Consumer that eats only producers |
| Tertiary Consumers | Consumer that eats secondary consumers |
| Cellular Respirtation | Chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP |
| Primary Productivity | Rate at which producers in an ecosystem build biomass |
| Energy Pyramid | Diagram representing energy loss from one trophic level to the next |
| Biomass Pyramid | Diagram representing the biomass in each trophic level of an ecosystem |
| Pyramid of Numbers | Representation of the number of individual organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion. |
| Potential Energy | Energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement |
| Thermal Energy | Total amount of energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter |
| Chemical Energy | Potential to perform work due to the arrangement of atoms within molecules |
| Calorie | Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C |
| ATP | Main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| Chloroplast | Organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| Chlorophyll | Pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
| Stroma | Thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast |
| Thylakoid | Disk-shaped sac in the stroma of a chloroplast; site of the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Light Reactions | Chemical reactions that convert the sun's energy to chemical energy; take place in the membranes of thylakoids in the chloroplast |
| Calvin Cycle | Cycle in plants that makes sugar from carbon dioxide, H+ ions, and high-energy electrons carried by NADPH |
| Equation for Photosynthesis | 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| Wavelength | Distance between adjacent waves |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | Range of types of electromagnetic energy from gamma waves to radio waves |
| Pigment | Chemical compound that determines a substance's color |
| Paper Chromatography | Laboratory technique used to observe the different pigments in a materia |
| Photosystem | Cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in a thylakoid |
| Mitochondria | Power house of the cell |
| Metabolism | All of a cell's chemical processes |
| Glycoysis | the splitting in half of a glucose molecule; the first stage of cellular respiration and fermentation |
| ATP synthase | protein structure in cell mitochondria that uses energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP |
| Aerobic | Requiring energy |
| Krebs Cycle | Stage of cellular respiration that finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy |
| Electron transport chain | Sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy during cellular respiration |
| Equation for cellular respirtation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------------------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~38 ATP |
| Fermentation | Cellular process of making ATP without oxygen |
| Lactic acid fermentation | biological process by which glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate. |
| Alcoholic fermentation | biological process in which sugars are converted into cellular energy |
| Anaerobic | Without oxygen |
Created by:
serpul1
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