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Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | Power needed to do work |
| Autoproph | an organism that makes its own food |
| Primary consumers | consumer that feeds directly on producers |
| Omnivores | consumer that eats both producers and consumers |
| detritus | wastes and remains of dead organisms |
| Photosynthesis | process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| Consumer | organism that obtains food by eating producers or other consumers |
| Secondary consumers | consumer that eats primary consumers |
| Decomposers | organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms |
| Food webs | pattern of feeding in an ecosystem consisting of interconnected and branching food chains |
| Producers | organism that makes its own food and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms in its ecosystem |
| Heterotroph | organism that obtains food by eating other organisms |
| carnivores | consumer that eats only other consumers |
| Trophic level | feeding level in an ecosystem |
| Food chain | pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to another |
| Biomass | organic material manufactured by producers |
| Herbivores | consumer that eats only producers |
| Tertiary consumers | consumer that eats secondary consumers |
| Cellular respiration | chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| Primary productivity | rate at which producers in an ecosystem build biomass |
| Energy pyramid | diagram representing energy loss from one trophic level to the next |
| Biomass pyramid | diagram representing the biomass in each trophic level of an ecosystem |
| pyramid of numbers | representation of the number of individual organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| calorie | amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C |
| potential energy | energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement |
| thermal energy | total amount of energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter |
| chemical energy | potential to perform work due to the arrangement of atoms within molecules |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| chloroplast | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| thylakoid | disk-shaped sac in the stroma of a chloroplast; site of the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| light reactons | chemical reactions that convert the sun's energy to chemical energy; take place in the membranes of thylakoids in the chloroplast |
| chlorophyll | pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
| equation for Calvin cycle | cycle in plants that makes sugar from carbon dioxide, H+ ions, and high-energy electrons carried by NADPH |
| stroma | thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast |
| wavelength | distance between adjacent waves |
| photosystem | cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in a thylakoid |
| electromagnetic spectrum | range of types of electromagnetic energy from gamma waves to radio waves |
| pigment | chemical compound that determines a substance's color |
| paper chromatography | laboratory technique used to observe the different pigments in a material |
| mithochondria | what provides energy for a cell |
| metabolism | all of a cell's chemical processes |
| ATP synthase | protein structure in cell mitochondria that uses energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP |
| glycolysis | the splitting in half of a glucose molecule; the first stage of cellular respiration and fermentation |
| aerobic | requiring energy |
| Krebs cycle | stage of cellular respiration that finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy |
| electron transport chain | sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy during cellular respiration |
| equation for cellular respiration | C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------------------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~38 ATP |
| fermentation | cellular process of making ATP without oxygen |
| lactic acid fermentation | biological process by which glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate. |
| alcoholic fermentation | a type of cellular Respiration which does not require oxygen (anaerobic respiration), and involves the breaking down of glucose to pyruvic acid and then finally ethanol. |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
Created by:
katyau1
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