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Skin
Advanced Patho EXAM 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List 3 primary skin lesions. | Macule, papule and nodule |
| Describe a macule and give an example. | spot, circumscribed, up to 1cm; i.e. cafe au lait, mongolian spots |
| Describe a papule and give an example. | bump, palpable, <5mm in diameter; i.e. mole |
| Describe a nodule and give an example. | like a papule but diameter=5mm to 2 cm; i.e. xanthoma |
| What is atopic dermatitis (eczema) and how does it occur/who is at risk? | an itchy, inflammatory skin d/o with defined erythema with edema, vesicles and weeping at the acute stage and lichenification in the chronic stage; difficult to identify causative agent. High occurrence in kids less than 5 yrs |
| Describe the skin. | has 2 layers: an outer epidermis and inner dermis, separated by a basement membrane |
| What is name of the major cell of the epidermis? | keratinocytes |
| What cells give the skin its color? | melanocytes; they release melanin. |
| What cells in the epidermis are responsible for its re-population? | langerhans cells |
| True or false, the dermis is the connective tissue layer that JOINS the epidermis and SQ fat layer. | False, it SEPARATES |
| What is lichenification? | thickened, leathery and roughened skin characterized by prominent markers; caused by repeated rubbing and scratching |
| Define xerosis. | dry skin |
| Definition: Skin d/o characterized by papules and plaques with silvery scale; unknown cause; can appear anywhere but popular spots include knees, elbows, lower back and scalp. | what is psoriasis |
| Definition: A group of related diseases characterized by bullous eruptions, thought to be autoimmune reactions. | what is pemphigus |
| What are the s/s of pemphigus? | blisters on the skin and mucous membranes |
| What is "Rhus" dermatitis and what s/s does it produce? | an allergy to plants, i.e. poison ivy, poison oak, etc. s/s appear within 24 hrs of contact; pruritis, erythema, vesicle formation |
| What is the best line of treatment for eczema? | moisturizes and/or steroids |
| When assessing a melanoma, what acronym is used and what does it stand for? | A, B, C, D Asymmetry border color diameter |
| What are the risk factors to skin cancer? | smoking and sun exposure |
| What is the difference between basal cell carcinoma and melanoma? | melanoma can be deadly; basal cell carcinoma are common growths that are mostly benign, pearly like appearance |
| The skin cancer that arises from keratinocytes due skin exposure to light is known as _____________ | squamous cell carcinomas |
| A pigment disorder of the skin is known as? | vitiligo aka leukoderma |
| What is the treatment for verrucae? | aka warts; liquid nitrogen, cryotherapy and/or laser removal |
| What is the difference between Herpes simplex virus 1 and HSV 2? | HSV1= above the waist (i.e. cold sore) HSV2= below the waist (i.e. genital warts) |
| How are fungal infections named? | Tinea____________ location i.e. tinea capititis |
| What is the cause of impetigo? | it is a bacterial infection caused by staph or strep |
| What happens if Syphillis is left untreated? | if it goes to the 3rd stage, there can be cardiac involvement |
| What skin d/o has a characteristic butterfly rash on the face? | lupus erythematosus |
| True or false, seborrheic dermatitis can be cured. | False, it can not be cured but is treatable |
| A self-limiting skin disorder, characterized by shiny, white topped, purplish, polygonal papules on the wrist, ankles and trunk. | lichen planus |
| What rash is seen in young persons, highest in spring and fall and its initial lesion is a herald patch on the neck or trunk? | pityriasis rosea aka the christmas tree rash |
| Common in children, this infection is from bacteria that live in the top layers of the skin. Appears as red sores that turn into blisters, ooze, then crust over. | impetigo |
| Why is it important to promptly treat lime disease? | there are 3 stages and stage 2 can cause peripheral neuropathy, meningitis and involve the cardiac system; stage 3 can cause oligoarticular arthritis |
| What does Group A Beta Hemolytic strep cause? | scarlet fever |
| What are the s/s of erythema multiforme? | Target lesions caused by the centrifugal spread of red maculopapules with a purpuric, vesicular, or papular center. Mainly on hands, feet, and extensor surface of forearms and legs |
| A blister >5mm is known as what? | bulla i.e. pemphigus |
| The characteristics of a mosquito bite are an example of what? | a wheal |
| A small blister up to 5mm (i.e. herpes) is known as what type of skin lesion? | vesicle |
| A lesion that can be benign or malignant and felt as a nodule is known as ________? | a tumor |
| An acute localized inflammatory disease of dermatomal segment is known as? | shingles |
| True or false, basal cell carcinoma metastasize. | False, they do not. |
Created by:
lbl317537
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