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Ch. 7 Vocab

TermDefinition
Cell Basic units of life.
Cell Theory A fundamental concept of biology.
Nucleus is a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.
Eukaryotes Cells that contain nuclei.
Prokaryotes Cells that do not contain nuclei.
Organelle Many of these structures act as if they are specialized organs.
Cytoplasm Portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope Nucleus is surrounded and composed of two membranes.
Chromatin Granular material you can see in the nucleus.
Chromosomes A cell divides, however, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.
Nucleolus Most nuclei also contain a small, dense region.
Ribosomes Are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic cells also contain an internal membrane system.
Golgi Apparatus Proteins produced in the rough ER move next into an organelle.
Lysosomes Small organelles filled with enzymes.
Vacuoles Kinds of cells contain saclike structures.
Mitochondria organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Chloroplasts Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Cytoskeleton Is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape.
Centrioles In animal cells, tubulin is also used to form a pair of structures known as centrioles.
Cell Membrane All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier.
Cell Wall Many cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane.
Lipid Bilayer Composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet.
Concentration A solution is the mass of solute in a given volume of solution or mass/ volume.
Diffusion Particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
Equilibrium When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system.
Osmosis Is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Isotonic Same Strength
Hypertonic Above Strength
Hypotonic Below Strength
Facilitated Diffusion This cell membrane protein is said to facilitate or help the diffusion of glucose across the membrane.
Active Transport As powerful as diffusion is cells sometimes must move materials in the opposite direction against a concentration difference.
Endocytosis The process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings or pockets of the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis Cell Eating. Extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole.
Pinocytosis Tiny pockets form along the cell membrane fill with liquid and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell.
Exocytosis The membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents out of the cell.
Cell Specialization Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
tissue A group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Organ Many groups of tissues work together as an organ.
Organ System A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Created by: jtate
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