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Bio101 Chpt 16 & 17
Bio101 Chpt 16 & 17 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The uptake of small nutrient molecules by an organism's own body; the third main stage of food processing, following digestion. | absorption |
| A protist that produces its food by photosynthesis. | alga |
| A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; a characteristic of plants and multicellular green algae. | alternation of generations |
| Protist that moves and feeds by means of pseudopodia. | amoeba |
| A member of a clade of protists that includes amoebas and slime molds and is characterized by lobe-shaped pseudopodia. | amoebozoan |
| A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. | angiosperm |
| A sac in which pollen grains develop, located at the tip of a flower's stamen. | anther |
| A meristem at the tip of a plant root or in the terminal or axillary bud of a shoot. | apical meristem |
| One of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being Bacteria. | Archaea |
| An organism that makes its own food (often by photosynthesis), thereby sustaining itself without eating other organisms or their molecules. Plants, algae, and numerous bacteria are autotrophs. | autotroph |
| A rod-shaped prokaryotic cell. | bacillus |
| One of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being Archaea. | bacteria |
| A surface-coating colony of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation. | biofilm |
| The use of living organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems. | bioremediation |
| One of a group of marine, multicellular, autotrophic protists belonging to the stramenopile clade; the most common and largest type of seaweed. | brown algae |
| One of a group of plants that lack xylem and phloem; a nonvascular plant. Includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. | bryophyte |
| The female part of a flower, consisting of a stalk with an ovary at the base and a stigma, which traps pollen, at the tip. | carpel |
| A type of protist that has unicellular amoeboid cells and aggregated reproductive bodies in its life cycle; members of amoebozoan clade. | cellular slime mold |
| An organism that obtains both energy and carbon from inorganic chemicals. Can make its own organic compounds from CO2 without using light energy. | chemoautotroph |
| A group of bacteria that live inside eukaryotic host cells. Includes human pathogens that cause blindness and nongonococcal urethritis, a common sexually transmitted disease. | chlamydia |
| Member of a group of fungi that are mostly aquatic and have flagellated spores. They probably represent the most primitive fungal lineage. | chytrid |
| A type of protist that moves and feeds by means of cilia. Belong to the alveol clade. | ciliate |
| Member of a group of fungi characterized by club-shaped, spore-producing structures called basidia. | club fungus |
| A spherical prokaryotic cell. | coccus |
| Photoautotrophic prokaryotes with plantlike, oxygen-generating photosynthesis. | cyanobacteria |
| A unicellular, autotrophic protist that belongs to the stramenopile clade. Possess a unique, glassy cell wall containing silica. | diatom |
| A member of a group of protists belonging to the alveolate clade. Are common components of marine and freshwater phytoplankton. | dinoflagellate |
| Another name for land plants, recognizing that land plants share the common derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos. | embryophyte |
| A thick-coated, protective cell produced within a bacterial cell; they become dormant and are able to survive harsh environmental conditions. | endospore |
| A poisonous component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die. | endotoxin |
| A poisonous protein secreted by certain bacteria. | exotoxin |
| A microorganism that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea. | extreme halophile |
| A microorganism that thrives in a hot environment (often 60-80°C). | extreme thermophile |
| A protist that moves and feeds by means of threadlike pseudopodia and has porous shells composed of calcium carbonate. | foraminiferan (foram) |
| An energy-containing deposit of organic material formed from the remains of ancient organisms. | fossil fuel |
| A ripened, thickened ovary of a flower, which protects developing seeds and aids in their dispersal. | fruit |
| The kingdom that contains the fungi. | Fungi |
| A heterotrophic eukaryote that digests its food externally and absorbs the resulting small nutrient molecules. Most fungi consist of a netlike mass of filaments called hyphae. Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts are examples. | fungus |
| A reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of a plant. | gametangium |
| The multicellular haploid form in the life cycle of organisms undergoing alternation of generations; mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation. | gametophyte |
| Member of a group of fungi characterized by a distinct branching form of mycorrhizae (symbiotic relationships with plant roots) called arbuscules. | glomeromycete |
| Microbiology technique to identify the cell wall composition of bacteria. Results categorize bacteria as positive or negative. | Gram stain |
| Diverse group of bacteria with a cell wall that is structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than that of gram-negative bacteria. This is usually less toxic than negative bacteria. | gram-positive |
| A member of a group of photosynthetic protists that includes chlorophytes and charophyceans, the closest living relatives of land plants. Includes unicellular, colonial, and multicellular species. | green alga |
| A naked-seed plant. Its seed is said to be naked because it is not enclosed in an ovary. | gymnosperm |
| A fungal life cycle stage that contains two genetically different nuclei in the same cell. | heterokaryotic |
| An organism that cannot make its own organic food molecules and must obtain them by consuming other organisms or their organic products; a consumer or a decomposer in a food chain. | heterotroph |
| One of many filaments making up the body of a fungus. | hypha |
| A fungus with no known sexual stage. | imperfect fungus |
| A close association between a fungus and an alga or between a fungus and a cyanobacterium, some of which are known to be beneficial to both partners. | lichen |
| A chemical that hardens the cell walls of plants. | lignin |
| A type of Archaea that produces methane as a metabolic waste product. | methanogen |
| A rapidly growing fungus that reproduces asexually by producing spores. | mold |
| The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus. | mycelium |
| A close association of plant roots and fungi that is beneficial to both partners. | mycorrhizae |
| (1) In animals, the female gonad, which produces egg cells and reproductive hormones. (2) In flowering plants, the basal portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. | ovary |
| Organism that derives its nutrition from a living host, which is harmed by the interaction. | parasite |
| An agent such as a virus, bacteria, or fungus, that causes disease. | pathogen |
| A polymer of complex sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides; a material unique to bacterial cell walls. | peptidoglycan |
| A modified leaf of a flowering plant. They are often the colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to pollinators. | petal |
| The portion of a plant's vascular tissue system that conveys sap throughout a plant. Its tissue is made up of sieve-tube members. | phloem |
| An organism that obtains energy from sunlight and carbon from CO2 by photosynthesis. | photoautotroph |
| An organism that obtains energy from sunlight and carbon from organic sources. | photoheterotroph |
| A short projection on the surface of a prokaryotic cell that helps the prokaryote attach to other surfaces. Specialized sex pili are used in conjugation to hold the mating cells together. | pilus |
| A type of protist that has amoeboid cells, flagellated cells, and an amoeboid plasmodial feeding stage in its life cycle. | plasmodial slime mold |
| (1) A single mass of cytoplasm containing many nuclei. (2) The amoeboid feeding stage in the life cycle of a plasmodial slime mold. | plasmodium |
| The structure that will produce the sperm in seed plants; the male gametophyte. | pollen grains |
| In seed plants, the delivery, by wind or animals, of pollen from the male parts of a plant to the stigma of a carpel on the female. | pollination |
| A diverse clade of gram-negative bacteria that includes five subgroups known as alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon. | proteobacteria |
| A member of the Kingdom Protista. Most protists are unicellular, though some are colonial or multicellular. | protist |
| A protist that lives primarily by ingesting food; a heterotrophic, "animal-like" protist. | protozoan |
| A temporary extension of an amoeboid cell. Function in moving cells and engulfing food. | pseudopodium |
| A protist that moves and feeds by means of threadlike pseudopodia and has a mineralized support structure composed of silica. | radiolarian |
| A member of a group of marine, mostly multicellular, autotrophic protists, which includes the reef-building coralline algae. | red alga |
| Member of a group of fungi characterized by saclike structures called asci that produce spores in sexual reproduction. | sac fungus |
| A process by which protist diversity is hypothesized to have evolved from a symbiotic association that arose when an autotrophic eukaryotic protist was engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryotic protist. | secondary endosymbiosis |
| A plant embryo packaged with a food supply within a protective covering. | seed |
| A tough outer covering that is formed from the outer coat (integuments) of an ovule. In a flowering plant, this encloses and protects the embryo and endosperm. | seed coat |
| The informal collective name for lycophytes (club mosses and their relatives) and pterophytes (ferns and their relatives). | seedless vascular plants |
| A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Encloses and protects the flower bud before it opens. | sepal |
| A member of a group of helical bacteria that spiral through the environment by means of rotating, internal filaments. | spirochete |
| A structure in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid spores develop. | sporangium |
| In plants and algae, a haploid cell that can develop into a multicellular individual without fusing with another cell. | spore |
| In prokaryotes, protists, and fungi, any of a variety of thick-walled life cycle stages capable of surviving unfavorable environmental conditions. | spore |
| The multicellular diploid form in the life cycle of organisms undergoing alternation of generations; results from a union of gametes and meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation. | sporophyte |
| A pollen-producing male reproductive part of a flower, consisting of a filament and an anther. | stamen |
| A close association between organisms of two or more species. | symbiosis |
| A plant with xylem and phloem, including club mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, vascular tissue Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body. | vascular plant |
| A system formed by xylem and phloem throughout the plant, serving as a transport system for water and nutrients, respectively. | vascular tissue system |
| A fungus-like protist in the stramenopile clade. | water mold |
| The nonliving portion of a plant's vascular system that provides support and conveys sap from the roots to the rest of the plant. | xylem |
| A single-celled fungus that inhabits liquid or moist habitats and reproduces asexually by simple cell division or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell. | yeast |
| Member of a group of fungi characterized by a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction. | zygomycete |
Created by:
dtgs2010
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