Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Test #3
Predation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Predation | One organism getting energy from another-- interaction id bad for one and good for one |
| What can we include in predation? | carnivory, herbivory, parasitism, disease |
| Who eats Monarchs in Mexico | Black-backed Orioles / Black-headed Grosbeaks |
| How does the Black-backed Orioles eat the Monarchs? | They slit the abdomen of the Monarch and eats the inside |
| How does the Black-headed Grosbeaks | They eat the entire abdomen - can tolerate the toxins |
| Cows avoided... | Buttercups b/c they are posionous |
| How do predators effect prey populations in ecological time? | Predators can change the prey's behavior and they change their abundant |
| Ecological means... | Within a single generation |
| Example of how Predators changes prey population in Ecological time | Insect that clings inside a bird |
| Evolutionary means... | Several generations |
| When the bird eats the pill bug what happens inside the bird? | The adult lays eggs within the intestinal wall of the infect bird (now). The eggs are shed w/ feces |
| When the bug is infected by parasites and is eaten... | It infects the starlings when it is eaten |
| After the eggs have exited the bird, they hatch within a few hours and develop into mature larva in 60-65 days | ---- |
| When the isopods behavior has been altered... | They leave sheltered areas and expose themselves in the open to be eaten |
| When the isopods leave shelter... | They become vulnerable to predators and when they are eaten they attached to the intestinal walls and start the cycle all over again |
| When pill bugs are infected their behavior is altered which results them to... | Go towards the lights which leads to higher rate of starling infected as well |
| Ask Jasmine about the 1/2 light, 1/2 dark point about the pill bugs | ---- |
| Caddisflies eat what? | They eat algae on rocks that grow on rocks in streams |
| Caddisflies is what kind of predator? | A stream bottom predator |
| Experiment: Grow algae on ceramic tiles on stream bottom and raised above the stream bottom. Why isn't their no algae predation on the elevated ceramics? | There is no Caddisflies present |
| Where is the most algae predation? | On ground level b/c there are Caddisflies present |
| Why is Prickly pear an invasive species? | Sheep would not eat them |
| What Biological control was introduced? | The cactus moth |
| What did the cactus moth do to eliminate the prickly pear population? | 1) They laid their eggs on the pads 2) larvae eats pads 3) cause damage and infection 4) kills cactus |
| How fast did the Cactoblastis collaspe the prickly pear population? | 2 years |
| What factors allow coexistence of predator and prey populations? | Refuges: space, size, and protection in numbers |
| Example of coexistence of predator and prey | 2 one-celled aquatic organisms: |
| Didinium is the predator to who? | Paramecium |
| What will happen if the D eats all the P? | They will starve |
| What is the solution to this problem to avoid starvation? | Add sediment to the bottom so P will survive by hiding underneath and D cannot find them |
| Conclusion: Best idea for coexistence? | Refuges |
| Explain the Mussels example | If the starfish is small it will priy the small mussels open and eat them. For big starfish, they will eat larger mussels |
| How do Starfish judge on what mussels to eat? | Size |
| Which mussels will die out quicker. Small or Large? | Small mussels |
| Another example that show the density and morality of a population | Cicada |
| How did researches calculate the survival and death rate of the Cicadas? | By cones (look at diagram) |
| The tip of the cone to the ground collected what? | How many die |
| The tip of the cone to the air collected what? | How many survive |
| Explain the process of the Cicadas | After mating, the females lay eggs in trees > tiny larvae cause the twigs to break > falls to the ground > sucks the nutrients of the roots for 13 years > Go underground |
| Their mortality is high, but what makes it decrease overtime? | B/c they are emerging constantly |
| What does the predators not eat? | The wings (which the researches collect to calculate death) |
| How does predators affect prey in evolutionary time? | Predators select the prey's various defenses resulting in evolution |
| Elephants | Large size |
| Lists 4 Camouflage examples | Flounder & Nighthawk, Leafhoppers, Dragon fish, Plants |
| Flounder and Nighthawk | They one eye to the side when it lays flat to watch out for predators |
| Leafhoppers | Looks like thorns |
| Dragon fish | Looks like algae |
| Plants | Looks like rocks |
| Warning Colleration Examples | Red on yellow, kill a fellow / Red on black, won't hurt Jack |
| Red on Black Snakes | Coral Snake and King Snake |
| Bombadier beetle developed what time of defense? | They can aim a spray towards their enemies by pinching their legs |
| Predation is different from... | Competition |
| What factors effect the choose of prey by predator? | Availability, Searching VS. Handling Time, Nutrient Value, Energy Value, level of Toxins |
| Ex) Availability | Guppies |
| How does guppies search by the availability of the prey? | If you add fruit flies, they will search at the top. If you add worms , they will search at the bottom |
| Search time > handling time | Predator eats everything (warblers) |
| Search time < handling time | Predator specializes (lion) |
| Ex) Search time VS. handling time | Great Blue Heron |
| Blue Heron (search < handling time) | Search time is low, eats narrow range of food |
| Blue Heron (search > handling time) | Search time is high, eats a variety of things |
| Search | Finds prey |
| Handling time | How much time it takes to capture the prey and then consumes it |
| Energy value | Prefers larger prey, up to a point, but it can take a lot of time capturing it |
| Bigger the prey | More energy that will be used |
| Pied Wagtails | Look at the notes |
| Ex) Nutrient Values | Caribou and bag of chips |
| A bag of chips does not have great nutrients, but it does offer great | Energy value |
| What methods does the caribou do to get its nutrients? | chew antlers, eat (urine) contaminated snow, eat linchens, and drink sea water |
| What nutrients does the Caribou consume when doing these methods? | Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, |
| Level of Toxins effect predators by | Being cautious of their prey by their colors |
| Nothing is FOOL PROOF!! | ---- |
| What does herbivores prefer in their plants? | Lower concentrations of toxins |
| What defense mechanism does Bluejays have when they eat Monarchs? | They throw them up |
| Why do they throw them up? | The outside covering of the body is covered in poison (wings) |
Created by:
animalsavior
Popular Biology sets