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Chapter 9 Thinking

Psychology Chapter 9

QuestionAnswer
cognition mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and communication information.
concepts mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, and people.
we form concepts by developing prototypes
prototypes a mental image or best example of a category
algorithms step by step procedures that guarantee a solution
heuristics mental shortcut. helps to reach a solution that is probably correct but not guaranteed
insight an abrupt, true seeing, and often satisfying solution
confirmation bias a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
fixation an inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective
mental set our tendency to approach a problem with the mind-set of what has worked for us previously
predisposes what we perceive perceptual set
predisposes how we think mental set
intuition our fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts
availability heuristic operates when we estimate the likelihood of events based on how mentally available they are (coming to fear rare events such as flying in an airplane and it crashing)
overconfidence tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgements (being able to read many chapters the night before)
belief perseverance tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contrary evidence
framing the way we present an issue, sways our decisions and judgements. to scare people framing is projected in numbers.
language our spoken, written, or signed words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning
Created by: jrr409
 

 



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