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Earth History

Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
What is Principle of Uniformitarianism? Geologic process that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
What is Strata? Layers of rock
What's Relative Age? The age of an object in relation to the ages of other objects
Law of Superposition An undeformed sedimentary rock layer is older than layers above it and younger than layers below it
Principle of Original Horizontally Sedimentary rocks, if left undisturbed, will remain in horizontal layers
Unconformity A break in the geologic record, created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time
Fault A break or crack in Earth's crust, rocks along the fault may shift their position.
Intrusion Mass of rock that forms when magma is injected into rocks then cools.
Law of Crosscutting Relationships A Fault or rock body (intrusion) is younger than any other body of rock that cuts through.
Absolute Age Numeric age of an object
Varve Rock layers that are deposited in an annual cycle
Isotope Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Radiometric Dating Method of determining the absolute age of an object
Radioactive Isotope Nuclei that emit particles at a constant rate.
Parent Isotope Original radioactive isotope
Daughter Isotope Newly formed stable isotope
Half-Life Time required for half of a sample of radioactive parent isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form stable daughter isotope
Fossil Trace remains of an organism that lived long ago
Paleontology Scientific study of fossils
Mold Empty spaces left behind by an organism after its decayed
Cast Sand and mud fills a mold and turns to rock
Coprolite Fossilized dung
Gastrolith Stones found in the stomachs of dinosaurs
Trace Fossil Fossilized mark that formed in sedimentary rock by the movement of animals
Index Fossil Used to establish age of rock layers because it is distinct, abundant, widespread, & only existed a short time.
Geologic Column Used to describe the sequence and length of environmental changes
Eon Largest unit of geological time
Era Smaller divisions of Eons
Period Smaller division of Eras
Epoch Smaller divisions on periods
Created by: angierodgers
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