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Meteorology Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which direction do the winds of low pressure systems turn | counterclockwise and inward |
| Which direction do the wind of a high pressure system turn | clockwise and outward |
| do highs follow lows? | yes |
| Do lows follow hight? | yes |
| which direction do highs generally track | east and southeast |
| which direction do lows generally track | east and northeast |
| What is weather usually like on the left side (west and north) of a storm's track like? | relatively cold |
| What is weather usually like on the right side (east and south) of a storm's track like? | relatively warm |
| The warm, rainy side of a winter cyclone is usually to the_______of the storm track | east and south |
| A measure of the actual concentration of water vapor component of air compared to the concentration of water vapor at saturation: | relative humidity |
| Wind direction is always specified for the direction______the wind blows. (from which or towards which) | from which |
| The type of front that causes the wind to turn to the north and west | cold front |
| issued by the National Weather Service when hazardous weather is imminent or actually taking place. | warning |
| type of front where the winds blow parallel to the front but in opposite direction | stationary front |
| issued by the National Weather Service when conditions are favorable for development of severe weather | watch |
| A type of satellite image that is available both day and night: | infrared |
| The temperature to which air must be cooled at constant pressure for dew to form on relatively cold surfaces is called: | dewpoint |
| weather associated with a high pressure system | fair weather |
| weather associated with a low pressure system | storm weather |
| A front is a narrow zone of transition between air masses that differ in | temperature and/or humidity |
| The cold, snowy side of a winter cyclone is usually to the_______of the storm track | west and north |
| The intensity of the radar echo _______ with an increase in the rate of rainfall | increases |
| transition zone between air masses that differ in temperature and/or humidity | front |
| cold air pushes warm air away | cold front |
| air pushes cold air away | warm front |
| highest temp over a 24-hr period | max temperature |
| approximate representation of a real system | scientific model |
| A weather map is an example of a ______ model. | graphical model |
| The atmosphere of Mars is composed of mostly | carbon dioxide |
| Normally within the troposphere, air temperature_______with increasing altitude. | falls |
| The ________ is ideal for jet aircraft travel because it is above the weather and offers excellent visibility. | stratosphere |
| where are Most atmospheric aerosals produced | at Earth's surface |
| The transition zone between the stratosphere and the mesosphere is known as the | stratopause |
| Almost all weather occurs in the | troposphere |
| The altitude of the troposphere is greater at the_______ | equator |
| The altitude of the troposphere less at the ___________ | poles |
| radar, radiosonde and satellite are all examples of | remote sensing |
| A radiosonde monitors changes in________with increasing altitude | temperature, humidity and air pressure |
| The ionosphere is located primarily within the | thermosphere |
| The greatest concentration of ions occurs in that portion of the atmosphere known as the | ionosphere |
| When the sun is active, solar flares become more intense and Earth's auroral ovals | expand towards the equator |
| Purdue University's Tornado Vortex Chamber is an example of a______model | physical |
| A________is used to obtain sounding over the ocean. | dropwindsonde |
| lower level of the atomosphere where gasses are constant; mainly nitrogen and oxygen | homosphere |
| higher level of the atmosphere where heavier gasses are not as abundant | heterosphere |
| small instrument package equipped with a radio transmitter that is carried aloft by a helium balloon | radiosonde |
| a radiosonde traked from the ground by a direction-finding antenna to measure variations in horizontal wind directiona nd wind speed with altitute | rawinsonde |
| fraction or percent of radiation that is reflected | albedo |
| do light object have a high or low albedo | high |
| do dark objects have a high or low albedo | low |
| The planetary albedo of the Earth is what percentage | 31% |
| are clouds good or bad reflectors of solar radiation | good |
| The longest day of the year occurs in the Northern Hemisphere on | summer solstice |
| Which of the following surface types has the greatest reflectivity (albedo) for solar radiation: sand, snow or grass | snow because it has a lighter color |
| distance between successive wave crests. | wavelength |
| The Antarctic ozone hole develops during which season | spring |
| the dispersal of radiation in all directions-up,down,and sideways | scattering |
| In the Northern Hemisphere, earth is closest to the sun in which season | winter |
| Using IR emissions, low clouds appear what color | dark gray |
| Using IR emissions, high clouds appear what color | bright white |
| A gas that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions that converts ozone to oxygen is | chlorine |
| The average albedo percentage of fresh fallen snow is | 75%-95% |
| which gas is the principle greenhouse gas | water vapor |
| ______ takes place at the interface between two different media (such as air and cloud), when some of the radiation striking that interface is thrown back. | reflection |
| The blackbody radiation law that predicts the wavelength of the most intense radiation is known as the... | Wien's displacement law |
| when is day and night equal | auntum and spring equinox |
| when are day and night unequal | winter and summer solstice |
| A barometer can be used to predict the weather by | keeping track of air pressure |
| which temperature scale is still commonly used in the United States weather reports | farenheit |
| _______ of heat refers to the transfer of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules via collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules. | conduction |
| An increment of 1 Celsius degree corresponds precisely to an increment of | 1 kelvin |
| _______ air advection takes place when the wind blows across regional isotherms from warmer to colder area. | warm |
| All other factors being equal, cloudiness tends to______nightime temperatures | slow the rate of fall |
| the total kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules composing a substance | heat |
| a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual atoms and molecules composing a substance | temperature |
| the transport of heat within a fluid via motions of the fluid itself. | convection |
| This afternoon's high temperature was 55 F and this morning's low temperature was 33 F. The mean daily temperature was______F. | 44 |
| The windchill equivalent temperature (WET) is the same as the actual air temperature when the wind speed is | nearly calm |
| The Bowen Ratio is greater over a_____surface (dry or moist) | dry |
| The Bowen Ratio is less over a_____surface | moist |
| The seasonal temperature contrast in maritime climates is_________the seasonal temperature contrast in continental climates. | less than |
| Excess heat in tropical latitudes is transported to middle and high latitudes primarily by | exchange of air masses |
| An air mass is a large volume of air that is relatively uniform horizontally in | temperature and humidity |
| All other factors being equal, this afternoon's air temperature will be highest if the ground is | dry and not vegetated |
| Air mass advection occurs when winds blow______regional isotherms. | across |
| _____ air advection occurs when the wind blows across regional isotherms from a colder area to a warmer area. | cold |
| Air temperature is governed by | Radiation balance plus air mass advection |
| When a warm and humid air mass replaces a cold and humid air mass at a particular locality, the air pressure at the Earth's surface usually | falls |
| As a mass of artic air invades our locality, air temperature______and air density______. | falls.....increases |
| The magnitude of pressure exerted by gas molecules composing air depends on | the mass of the air molecules, the pull of gravity and the kinetic energy of air molecules |
| The type of barometer that is used to measure altitude: | aneroid |
| Warm and dry air is______cold and dry air | less dense than |
| With the same volumes, a cold and dry air mass exerts______surface air pressure than a warm and humid air mass. | higher |
| Relatively high surface air pressure is usually associated with______weather whereas relatively low surface air pressure is usually associated with_______weather | fair...stormy |
| With warm air advection in the winter, the air pressure tendency is usually | downward |
| atmospheric variables include | temperature, pressure, density |
| When air pressure readings at Denver are adjusted to sea level, air pressure readings are | increased |
| With cold air advection in the winter, the air pressure tendency is usually | upward |
| Within the atmosphere air pressure always ___________ with altitude (decreases or increases) | decreases |
| The pressure of the atmosphere is greatest | at the surface |
| The standard atmosphere | is a model of the real atmosphere, features a mean sea-level air pressure of 1013.25 mb, may be useful in reducing barometer readings at sea level |
| According to the gas law , air pressure is directly proportional to | air temperature and air density |
| Adjusting barometer readings to sea-level removes the influence of______on air pressure | station elevation |
| Usually, the air pressure inside a building is_____the air pressure outside the building | about the same |
| On a clear and calm day, the relative humidity usually______between sunrise and early afternoon. | falls |
| temperature profile in which air temperaturer does not change with altitude: | isothermal |
| Clouds are more likely to develop of a radiosonde sounding indicates______air. | unstable |
| A snow cover tends to_______the overlying air | stabalize |
| A relatively warm surface tends to______the overlying air | destabalize |
| Stable air tends to_______convection | suppress |
| Cumulus clouds may build into thunderstorms clouds when the air temperature profile indicates______conditions | unstable |
| Unstable air_______vertical motion of air parcels | enhances |
| Stable air______vertical motion of air parcels | suppresses |
| The saturation vapor pressure increases with_____air temperature | rising |
| If saturation is reached at an air temperature above the freezing point, water vapor may condense on an object as tiny droplets of water known as | dew |
| Horizontal lines on a Stuve diagram are | isobars |
| The temperature to which air must be cooled, at constant pressure, to reach saturation (relative to liquid water) is called | dewpoint |
| The saturation mixing ratio increases with______air temperature | rising |
| A rain shadow is situated on the_______slopes of a high mountain barrier. | leeward |
| On the continents, annual precipitation_______annual evapotranspiration | is greater than |
| Air mass advection_____change the relative humidity | can |
| A temperature inversion is characterized by an_____of air temperature with altitude. | increase |
| ________ compares the actual concentration of water vapor in the air with the concentration of water vapor in that same air at saturation. | relative humidity |
| _________ is simply the pressure contributed by water vapor alone and is directly proportional to the concentration of water vapor in the air | vapor pressure |
Created by:
edeboo
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