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Human Population Growth - driving factors Changes in population size Fertility Life expectancy Age structure Migration
Crude birth rate the number of births per 1000 individuals per year.
Crude Death Rate the number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year.
Global population growth rate [CBR – CDR] ÷ 10 = percent growth rate [20 – 8 ] ÷ 10 = 1.2% ---> So, what is the population growth rate for a nation?
Doubling time the number of years it takes a population to double. The rule of 70 may be used to approximately calculate the doubling time in years.
Total fertility rate an estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear.
Replacement level fertility the total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population and for the current population size to remain stable.
Developed countries countries with relatively high levels of industrialization and income. TFR is typically 2.1.
Life expectancy the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate of that country.
Net migration rate the difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1000 people in a country. This difference, divided by 10, is the percent net migration rate. It may be positive (net immigration) or negative (net emigration).
Demographic transition suggests that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth.
Phase one of demographic transition Slow population growth because there are high birth rates and high death rates that offset each other.
Phase two of demographic transition Rapid population growth because birth rates remain high but death rates decline due to better sanitation, clean drinking water, increased access to food and goods, and access to health care.
Phase three of demographic transition Stable population growth as the economy and educational system improve and people have fewer children.
Phase four of demographic transition Declining population growth because the relatively high level of affluence and economic development encourage women to delay having children.
Urban populations have grown, and while they represent one-half of the world’s population, they consume three-fourths of the resources.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the value of all products and services produced in a year in that country. GDP is made up of consumer spending, investments, government spending, and exports minus imports. A countries GDP often correlates with its pollution levels.
IPAT Equation To estimate the impact of human lifestyles on Earth we can use the IPAT equation: Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology
Created by: abuontempo
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