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Sci 8: 2 - Cells
Cells Structure and Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Vaccine | Substance made from killed bacteria or damaged particles; can prevent: polio, rabies, measles, mumps, chicken pox and small pox |
| Organelle | Tiny organs with the cell |
| tissue | Groups of similar cells that do the same sort of work. |
| Cell | The smallest unit of life able to carry out life processes. |
| Organ | A group of tissues working together to perform a specific job |
| Organ System | A group of organs working together to perform a certain function. |
| Organism | Any living thing |
| Electron microscope | Magnifies images up to a million times by using electrons and a vacuum chamber. |
| Compound Microscope | A microscope that contains two sets of lenses to magnify an object. |
| Simple microscope | Hand help units that assist in making something large in order to be seen. |
| Prokaryotic cells | Cells that do not contain membrane-bound structures. |
| Eukaryotic Cells | Cells that contain membrane-bound structures called organelles |
| The Cell Theory | Made up of one or more cells, The cell is the basic unit of organization in organisms, All cells come from other cells. |
| What does the shape of the cell tell you | It's job or it's function |
| Gene Therapy | A procedure in which normal hereditary material is enclosed in viruses. The viruses then “infect” targeted cells, taking the new hereditary material into the cells. |
| Lysosomes | Organelle within an animal cell that contains digestive chemicals and break down and destroy old cells and parts. |
| Vacuoles | The membrane-bound spaces for temporary storage in cells. |
| nucleus | The part of the cell that directs all the activities of the cell. |
| Cell Membrane | The protective layer around all cells. |
| Cell Wall | The outer protective covering and support part of a plant cell. |
| Mitochondria | The powerhouse of the cell. Where the energy in food is stored until it is broken down and released. |
| Cytoplasm | Gelatin-like substance within the cell membrane that helps support and protect the organelles. All chemical reactions take place here. |
| Golgi Bodies | Flattened membrane that package cellular substances. |
| Scanning Electron Microscipe | Used to get a three-dimensional image of an object. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Used for transporting and processing proteins around the cell. |
| Ribosomes | The protein factories within the cell-may be free-floating or attached to the ER |
| Total Magnification | The eyepiece lens times the objective lens in a microscope. |
| Rudolf Virchow | Theorized that cells divide to make new cells. |
| Theodar Schwann | Theorized that all animals are made up of cells. |
| Mathias Scheilden | Theorized that all plants are made up of cells. |
| Robert Hooke | Looked at a tiny piece of cork and said that it is made up of little empty boxes. |
| Antonie VanLeeuwenhoek | Made a simple microscope that could magnify up to 270 times. |
| Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell | Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplast - Animal cells have lysosomes |
| Organization of cells | Cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism |
| Why is a nerve length up to 1m long? | Nerve cells reach out with many fine extensions that send and receive impulses to and from other cells. Your leg is over 1 m long. |
| Why do plants have a hollow tube stem? | For the transport of minerals and food. |
| Why is the nucleus important? | The nucleus directs all activities of the cell and contains DNA |
| One-cell vs. organism | One-celled organisms perform all their life functions by themselves. Organisms cells work together and depend in some ways on other cells. |
| Advantages of having tissues | Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to do one job. It may be more efficient for the organism to group cells together this way. |
| Why did it take over 200 years to compile the Cell Theory | It took many scientist information and working together and testing and testing some more to get accurate data. |
| Edward Jenner | In 1796 developed the first vaccine - Small Pox |
| Latent Virus | Latent viruses are those that enter into a cell and do not immediately multiply – they hang out until such time as to be activated by something either internal or external. |
| Active Virus | Active viruses enter the cell and causes the cell to make new viruses and in the process destroys the cell. |
| Virus Reproduction | Virus attaches to bacterial cell, hereditary material injected into cell, makes new viruses, cell burst open and releases new viruses. |
Created by:
jojones21
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