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Topics 3.4 & 7.2

DNA Replication

Terms, Question, or MoleculesDefinitions, Answers or Roles
How is the leading strand replicated? Continuously toward the replication fork (5' to 3' direction)
How is the lagging strand replicated? In fragments away from the replication fork (5' to 3')
In what direction are both the leading and lagging strand replicated? 5' to 3'
What is the origin of replication? The site where DNA replication begins.
Can there be multiple origins of replications? Yes, for eukaryotic cells because their DNA is so long!
What is the end product of DNA replication? Two exact copies of DNA that came from one parent DNA strand
Where does DNA replication take place? Nucleus
DNA helicase (enzyme) enzyme that unwinds the double helix at the replication fork
Replication Fork The site where DNA opens due to the enzyme helicase
DNA Polymerase III (enzyme) Enzyme that synthesizes new strand of DNA. It attaches to the end of the RNA primer and then it complementary base pairs new nucleotides to the exposed parent strand of DNA.
DNA Polymerase I (enzyme) Enzyme that removes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA nucleotides
DNA Ligase (enzyme) Enzyme that joins the ends of DNA segments and Okazaki fragments
RNA Primer Small strand of RNA (5-10 nucleotides)that gets complementary based paired to exposed DNA. This is required for Polymerase III to bind to the opened DNA or replication will not occur
RNA Primase (enzyme) Enzyme that adds RNA primer to exposed DNA
Deoxynucleoside triphosphate Each nucleotide added to the new strand of DNA has 3 phosphate groups, so they are called deoxynucleoside triphosphates. 2 phosphate groups are broken off (for energy) as DNA Polymerase III adds complementary base pairs the new strand of DNA.
Okazaki Fragments Short segments of complementary base paired DNA on the lagging strand (created 5' to 3')
Single-Strand Binding Protein Stabilizes unzipped portion of DNA
Parental DNA helix DNA strand that is getting replicated, it's the template for coding new DNA
Semiconservative Replication Each parental DNA strand acts as a template to form a complementary strand so 2 identical daughter DNA molecules are formed.
Created by: kelly.norris
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