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Digestive system

TermDefinition
Nutrition The process of obtaining raw materials from food.
Ingestion The act of eating food or drinking; the first stage of food processing.
Digestion Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into molecules small enough for absorption; the second stage of food processing.
Absorption Uptake of small nutrient molecules; the third stage of food processing.
Elimination Passage of undigested material from the digestive tract, the fourth stage of food processing.
Alimentary canal Digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus.
Saliva Liquid secreted into the mouth that contains mucus and digestive enzymes that start chemical digestion.
Bolus Chewed clumps of food that leaves the mouth and travels through the alimentary canal.
Pharynx The junction in the throat of the alimentary canal and the trachea.
Esophagus Muscle-encased tube of the alimentary canal that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Peristalsis Series of smooth muscle contractions that push food through the alimentary canal.
Stomach Elastic, muscular sac where some chemical digestion take place.
Chyme Liquid mixture of foods and stomach fluids released from the stomach into the small intestine.
Small intestine Long, narrow tube where digestion is completed and most absorption occurs.
Liver largest organ in the body; performs many functions such as producing bile, storing glucose as glycogen, and transforming ammonia to urea.
Gallbladder Organ that stores bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine.
Pancreas Gland that makes digestive enzymes and secretes them into the small intestine; makes the hormones insulin and glucagon and secretes them into the blood.
Villus Fingerlike projection of the inner surface of the small intestine that functions in absorbing nutrients.
Large intestine Portion of the alimentary canal from which water is reabsorbed into the body.
Feces Undigested food and material and other waste products that exit the body through the anus.
Created by: 2016pollard
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