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Chapter 3 Quiz
Essentials of Radiation Biology and Protection 2nd Edition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Undifferentiated, precursor, or stem cells are other names for: | Immature Cells |
| Cells which are considered highly radiosensitive include: | Lymphocytes, Spermatagonia, Erythroblasts, and Intestinal Crypt Cells |
| What is considered to be the most radiosensitive phases of the cell cycle? | G1 into early S-Phase |
| What are considered to be the most radioresistant phases of the cell cycle? | Mid-to Late S-phase |
| What is considered to be the most radiosensitive part of a cell? | Nucleus |
| Cell death which occurs before mitosis is termed: | Interphase Death |
| Chromosome produced radiation damage can be analyzed during which portion of the cell cycle? | Metaphase |
| What will affect cell response to radiation? | Linear Energy Transfer(LET), Relative Biologic Effectiveness(RBE), Oxygen Enhancement Ratio(OER) |
| What is a measure of the energy transferred to material as an ionizing particle travels through it? This measure is used to quantify the effects of ionizing radiation on biological specimens. | Linear Energy Transfer(LET) |
| What is the measure of the capacity of a specific ionizing radiation to produce a specific biological effect, expressed relative to a reference radiation, such as radium gamma rays or 200-volt x-rays | Relative Biologic Effectiveness(RBE) |
| What refers to the enhancement of therapeutic or detrimental effect of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen? | Oxygen Enhancement Ratio(OER) |
| The breakdown of water using radiation is termed: | Radiolysis |
| An uncharged molecule that contains a single unpaired electron in its outermost shell, which makes it chemically unstable and highly reactive is termed: | Free Radical |
| The primary effect of irradiating macromolecules in vitro include: | Main-Chain Scission, Cross-Linking, Point Lesions |
| What occurs when the thread or backbone of a long-chain molecule is broken, resulting in numerous smaller molecules: | Main-Chain Scission |
| What creates a stickiness on a macromolecule, causing it to connect to another macromolecule, or to another section of the same molecule | Cross-Linking |
| Irradiation of macromolecules may result in disturbance of single chemical bonds, which create molecular lesions, also known as: | Point Lesions |
| At low radiation doses, most cellular radiation damage is the result of: | Point Lesions |
| At the doses received in diagnostic radiology, only _____ types of chromosomal aberrations are seen: | Single-Hit |
| What is said to occur when an original ionizing event occurs directly on that macromolecule,e.g. DNA: | Direct Interaction |
| What occurs if the initial ionizing incident takes place on a distant noncritical molecule, which then transfers the ionization of energy to another molecule? | Indirect Interaction |
| hat is most commonly acted upon directly by ionizing radiation to produce indirect effects? | Water |
| A graphical representation of observed effects compared with radiation dose is termed: | Dose-Response Relationship(curve) |
| A graphical representation of the relationship between radiation dose and observed response, in which any dose may have a potential effect, and there is a direct relationship between dose and effect: | Linear Dose-Response Curve |
| On a dose-response curve, the point where radiation begins to produce an effect is known as the: | Threshold |
| Nonthreshold | Assumes that any radiation dose produces an effect |
| According to the target theory, what is considered to be the critical target in the cell? | DNA |
| Which portion of the cell survival curve proves that some damage must accumulate before death can occur? | Shoulder |
| What is considered to be most radiosensitive? | Fetus |
| How does oxygen retention affect cell radiosensitivity? | Increases Radiosensitivity |
| What is used to describe cell damage from radiation that is not sufficient to kill the cell? | Sublethal Dose |
| Why is free radical formation considered such a threat to humans? | Free radicals have been observed to produce toxic effects |
| Of the stages of accumulate , which is the most radiosensitive? | Telophase |
| As Linear Energy Transfer(LET) increases, how is Relative Biologic Effectiveness(RBE) affected? | With an increase in LET, RBE also increases |
| The type of irradiation damage most likely to cause abnormalities in base sequences, and thus cell mutation, would be? | Base Damage |
| The term _____ is used to describe the effects of radiation on cells that are adjacent to those directly affected by radiation: | Bystander Effects |
Created by:
Dallas1856
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