Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
The Nature of Matter
Biology Ch. 2, Sections 1,2,3,4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| The subatomic particles that make up atoms | protons, neutrons, and electons |
| nucleus | center of the atom |
| electron | negatively charged particle with only 1/1840 the mass of a proton |
| element | a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| the main types of chemical bonds | ionic bonds and covalent bonds |
| ionic bond | formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ions | positively and negatively charged atoms |
| covalent bond | formed when moving electrons actually travel about the nuclei of both atoms |
| molecule | the smallest unit of most compounds |
| van der Waals forces | intermolecular forces of attraction |
| hydrogen bond | the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge |
| cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | an attraction between molecules of different substances |
| water's heat capacity | the amount of heat energy required to increase its temperature |
| mixture | a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | a type of mixture in which all of the components are evenly distributed |
| solvent | the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| suspensions | mixtures of water and nondissolved material |
| pH scale | a measurement system that indicates the concentration of H+ ions in solution |
| acid | any compound that forms H+ ions in solution |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution |
| buffers | weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| monomers | small chemical unit that makes up a polymer |
| polymers | molecules composed of many monomers; makes macromolecules |
| carbohydrates | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecules |
| lipids | a large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotide | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| proteins | macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| amino acids | compounds with amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end |
| reactants | the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| products | the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | the energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | -proteins that act as biological catalysts -speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells |
| substrates | the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
| chemical reaction | a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another |
Created by:
lauratebbens
Popular Biology sets