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LD ORGANIC CHEM CH 4
LD ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ORGANIC CHEMISTRY | Study of Carbon Compounds |
| BIOCHEMISTRY | Study of chemistry in living things |
| ORGANIC | "living matter" and containing Carbon and Hydrogen (Hydrocarbons) |
| INORGANIC | Lack Carbon |
| INORGANIC MOLECULES/COMPOUNDS | Water, Salt, Acid and Bases |
| WATER | Universal solvent |
| SALT | Important for proper growth of teeth and bones, regulate nerve responses |
| ACID | Maintain pH balance |
| BASES | Maintain pH balance |
| ORGANIC MOLECULES/COMPOUNDS | Made up of CHON (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids) |
| CARBOHYDRATES | contain (CH2O - 1:2:1) |
| CARBOHYDRATES | Sugars and starches provide energy from food. |
| MONOSACCHARIDES | Simple Sugars (C6H12O6) |
| GLUCOSE | Dextrose is always found in fluid surrounding cells to provide energy |
| FRUCTOSE | Sugar in fruit |
| GALACTOSE | Sugar in milk |
| DISACCHARIDES | 2 simple sugars joined together (C12H22O11) |
| SUCROSE | Glucose + fructose is table sugar |
| MALTOSE | Sugar in corn syrup |
| LACTOSE | Glucose + Galactose in milk |
| POLYSACCHARIDES | Large complex sugars (C6H10O5) Starch in foods such as rice and potatoes |
| GLYCOGEN | Starch stored in animals |
| CELLULOSE | Starch stored in plants |
| DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS | Joining of 2 simple compounds to form more complex compounds by taking out water |
| DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS | Glucose + Glucose --> Disaccharide + H20 |
| HYDROLYSIS | Breaking up a more complex compounds by adding water to form 2 smaller molecules |
| HYDROLYSIS | Disaccharide (Sucrose) + H20 --> Glucose + Fructose |
| LIPIDS | Fats, Oils, & Waxes |
| LIPIDS | 3 fatty acids and a glycerol |
| SATURATED FATS | Deposit cholesterol in arteries and cause heart attacks (Milk, Milk products, and fatty meats) |
| UNSATURATED FATS | Reduce the risk of a heart attack (Fish Oils, vegetable oils, margarine) |
| LIPOPROTEINS | Blood proteins with high lipid content |
| HDL | High density lipoproteins |
| HDL | Remove cholesterol from blood and help excrete it from the body. |
| LDL | Low Density Lipoproteins |
| LDL | Deposit cholesterol on linings of the arteries |
| INORGANIC MOLECULES/COMPOUNDS | Water, Salt, Acid, and Bases |
| ORGANIC MOLECULES/COMPOUNDS | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
| SUGARS AND STARCHES | WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES MADE UP OF? |
| MONOSACCHARIDES | WHAT ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF CARBOHYDRATES? |
| DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS | When you join 2 smaller molecules together by taking out water? |
| HYDROLYSIS | When you add water to a disaccharide and it breaks into 2 monosaccharides? |
| STARCH | Example of a polysaccharide |
| CELLULOSE | Starch stored in plant cells |
| GLYCOGEN | Starch stored in animal cells |
| WHAT ARE LIPIDS MADE UP OF? | Oils, fats, and waxes |
| BASIC UNIT OF A LIPID | 3 Fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| PROTEINS | Contain nitrogen and are almost abundant in living things. |
| CELLULAR PROTEINS | Cell membrane, chromosomes and muscle cells |
| NON-CELLULAR PROTEINS | Blood plasma, cartilage, hair and nails |
| Food RICH IN PROTEINS | Meat, Fish, Eggs, Cheese, Beans and Grains |
| AMINO ACID | Basic unit of a protein - 20 different amino acids |
| STRUCTURE OF AN AMINO ACID | Amino group NH2, Carboxyl Group (COOH), and Radical (proteins differ by kind, arrangement, and # of aa) |
| DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS OF A PROTEIN | aa + aa --> dipeptide + H20 aa + aa + aa --> tripeptide + H20 Aa + aa + aa+ aa --> polypeptide + H20 |
| NUCLEIC ACIDS | Store heredity info, transmit it to the next generation & direct protein synthesis |
| NUCLEIC ACIDS COMPOSED OF | DNA & RNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid (found in nucleus, chromosomes, in mitochondria & chloroplasts) |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid (found in nucleus, cytoplasm, & ribosomes) |
| NUCLEOTIDE | Basic unit of a nucleic acid composed of Sugar, Phosphate & Nitrogen Base |
| TWO TYPES OF NUCLEOTIDES | Purines (2 Large rings) & Pyrmidines (1 ring) |
| PURINES | 2 Larger rings - Adenine (A) & Guanine (G) |
| PYRIMIDINES | 1 Ring - Thymine (T - Only in DNA), Cytosine (C) and Uracil (U - Only in RNA) |
| JAMES WATSON/FRANCIS CRICK | Atomic Structure of DNA was founded in 1953 |
| AMINO ACID | Basic Unit of a protein |
| NH2 | Represents the amino group in an amino acid |
| COOH | Represents the Carboxyl group in an amino acid |
| PEPTIDE BOND | The CHON bond formed between 2 amino acids that have been joined together to form a di-peptide |
| DNA & RNA | Nucleic Acids are made up of. |
| NUCLEOTIDE | Basic unit of DNA and RNA |
Created by:
desilva13
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