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Topic 3.1
Chemical Elements and Water
| Question or Term | Answer or Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the most frequently occurring chemical elements? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (HONC) |
| What are the other elements of life that aren't as frequently occurring as Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen | Sulfur, Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, and Sodium (S, Ca, P, Fe, Na) |
| What is a role of Sulfur? | It's in some amino acids |
| What is a role of Calcium? | Used for muscle contractions |
| What is a role of Phosphorus? | It's in nucleotides, phospholipids, and part of ATP |
| What is a role of Iron? | It's in cytochromes which are co-factors in enzymes that help with photosynthesis |
| What is a role of Sodium? | Used for membrane function |
| Polar Molecule | A permanent charge separation within a molecule so one side is partially positive and the other is partially negative |
| Hydrogen Bond | The attraction of a hydrogen group to an oxygen group (or nitrogen and fluorine group)between two polar molecules. |
| Covalent Bond | Two or more nonmetals sharing electrons evenly |
| Polar Covalent Bond | Two or more nonmetals sharing electrons unevenly |
| Outline the Thermal Properties of Water | Water has a high specific heat so water can absorb a lot of heat without changing its temperature much. Water also has a high energy of vaporization so it absorbs a great deal of energy and heat when it evaporates. This leaves the organism cooler(sweat) |
| High Specific Heat | The amount of energy required to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius |
| Outline the Cohesive Properties of Water (H2O) | H2O molecules have a positive + and - end. When 2 H2O molecules are near each other the + end attracts to the - end. Water has high surface tension, moves in column up a plant, ice floats, why water has high energy of vaporization and high specific heat |
| Cohesion | Molecule of the same type are attracted to each other (like water molecules hydrogen bonding together) |
| Solvent | Does the dissolving (dissolves the solute) |
| Outline the Solvent Properties of Water | Water is polar and dissolves other polar molecules. Most molecules inside and outside of cells are polar so water can transport them (like blood stream, water in trees). Cells are mostly H2O so it's the medium in which most of the biochemistry occurs |
| Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a coolant | Water can absorb or give off a great deal of heat which stabilizes climate or body temperatures (thermal property). Organisms release body heat through sweating (high energy of vaporization) |
| Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a medium for metabolic reactions | Cytoplasm, blood plasma, stroma, nucleoplasm are mostly water and most biochemical reactions take place in it: glycolysis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, photosynthesis, respiration, etc. |
| Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a transport medium | Vascular tissue in plants carries water with dissolved nutrients. Blood is composed of water and transports solutes like glucose, amino acids, blood cells, etc. |
Created by:
kelly.norris
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