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Bio Lecture
Chapter 33: Invertebrates
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are spicules composed of? | calcium carbonate |
| What is spongin composed of? | organic collagen |
| Class: Demospongia | 90% of sponges, has spongin and/or spicules |
| Class: Hexactinellidae | "Glass sponges" spicules, found in the deep |
| Class: Calcarea | Spicules only, very small, Radial symmetry (some) |
| Cnidarians | jelly fish, anenomones, corals |
| Characteristics of cnidarians? | Radial, 2 life stages, carnivorous, gastrovascular cavity, diploblastic |
| Cnidocytes | cells with nematocyst threads that are used for defense, "stung" |
| Class of Cnidarians: Hydroza | hydra, obelia, fire coral |
| In hydroza life cycle what do gonads produce? | egg and sperm |
| What is the primary life stage of Hydroza? | Polp |
| Class of cnidarians: Scyphozoa | "True Jellies" |
| In scyphozoa what is the dominant life stage? | Medusa, polyp is reduced or gone |
| Class of cnidarians: Anthozoa | Corals and Anemones |
| Characteristics of Anthozoa | No medusa stage, can be alone or in big large colonies, energy from photosynthetic algae in corals, shallow water |
| Zooxanthellae | corals get energy from algae living in its tissues, cant survive without them |
| Lophotrochozoans characteristics | triploblastic, lophophore, trocophore, ganglia |
| Platyhelminthes | "flat worms" |
| Characteristics of platyhelminthes | gastrovascular cavity is branched, marine, freshwater, damp, gas exchange & waste removal by diffusion across cells |
| Class platy: Turbellaria | free living, feshwater, ventral mouth, ciliated epidermis |
| Whats an example of a turbellaria | planarain |
| Class platy: Trematoda | "flukes" |
| characteristics of trematoda | Multiple hosts in life cycle, suckers, larval stages reproduce asexually |
| Class platy: Cestoda | "tapeworms" |
| Characteristics of cestoda | parasites of vertebrate intestines, specalized epidermis to resist host's digestive enzymes, head is called scolex, proglottid |
| Rotifera Characteristics | extremely small, alimentary canal (digestive tube with 2 openings, mouth and anus), crown of cilia at mouth |
| Mollusca | Chitons, clams, scallops, snails, squid, octopus |
| Characteristics of mollusca | soft bodied, bilateral, coelomates, muscular foot, dorsal visceral mass, mantle, radula, homocoel |
| Mantle | fleshy layer that secretes shell |
| Radula | "grinding belt" made of chitin to scrape food |
| Class mollusca: polyplacophora | chitons |
| Characteristics of polyplacophora | 8 shell plates, consume algae off rocks, live in rocky areas with tides |
| Class mollusca: Gastropoda | snail and slugs |
| Characteristics of gastropoda | developed eye stalks and sensory tentacles, operculum, torsion |
| Operculum | keeps them from drying out and "closes the door" when animal is in shell |
| Torsion | rotates visceral mass by 180 |
| Class Mollusca: bivalvia | clams, scallops, mussles, oysters |
| characteristics of bivalvia | Shell, suspension feeders, crystalline style, foot |
| Class mollusca: cephalopoda | octopus, squid, nautilus |
| Characteristics of cephalopoda | body forms adapted for high speed predatation, well developed nervous system and camera eye, shell is reduced or lost, radula, foot modified to tentacle |
| Radula | beak-like jaw |
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