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Bio cell/chemistry
Quiz Friday October 25th
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is chemistry? | Study of the composition, properties, and changes of substances. |
| What is inorganic chemistry? | Study of all compounds that don't contain carbon. Example--(H20, NaCl)---Exceptions (CO2 and Ca2CO3---in rocks) |
| What is organic chemistry? | Study of all compounds that contain carbon. Example--(CH4) |
| The chemistry of carbon 1? | Carbon has 4 valance electrons for bonding. |
| The chemistry of carbon 2? | Carbon can bond with other carbon atoms to make carbon chains. |
| The chemistry of carbon 3? | Carbon can form large complex molecules. Example--chains form rings |
| What do living cells contain? | Large molecules known as macromolecules, or giant molecules. |
| What are macromolecules formed by? | Polymerzation |
| What is polymerization? | Process of building large compounds by joining smaller ones together. |
| What is a monomer? | Small units that can join together to form polymers. |
| What is a polymer? | Large compounds formed from combinations of monomers. |
| What are lipids? | Macromolecules made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms and glycerol; includes fats oils waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. |
| What does the body use lipids for? | Get extra fuel(9kcal/gram), Build cell membrane parts, Provide insulation for the winter/cold environments, Give padding to organs, Water proof the skin and ears, ect. , Make hormones. |
| What can lipids be found in? | Lipids can be found in meats, oils, milk, nuts, and egg yolks |
| What 2 types of fats do lipids include? | Saturated and unsaturated |
| What does saturated mean? | Having all single carbon to carbon bonds in the fatty acid(C-C). Is bad fat that is solid at room temperature and tends to be stored in animals. These build up in our bodies and are solids that increase cholesterol. (Butter) |
| What does unsaturated mean? | Having 1 or more pairs of carbon to carbon double or triple bonds in fatty acids. This is healthier fat that tends to be liquid at room temperature. (Olive oil) |
| What does polyunsaturated mean? | Having more than 1 one double or triple bond in the fatty acid. |
| Lipids also include? | Cholesterol, which is made by the liver and can accumulate , leading to heart attacks over 200. |
| What is the correct amount of lipids that the body needs? | 30% of diet |
| Wat is the cell membrane? | A thin flexible, barrier found around all cells. |
| What is the cell wall? | A strong supporting layer around the cell membranes in plant cells. |
| What are the two purposes of the cell membranes? | *To regulate what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable). *Provide protection and support |
| What are cell membranes made up of? | A double layered sheet called a lipid bilayer (2 layers of flexible lipids). Mostly lipids, and proteins. |
| Structure of the cell membrane- Proteins? | Are found embedded in the lipid bilayer, some with carbohydrate chains attached. |
| A bilayer contains? | Phospholipids |
| Phospholipids are? | Molecules with a phosphate head and a lipid tail |
| Phosphate head and tail? | Phosphate head-hydraulic (water loving) Lipid tail-hydrophobic (water fearing) |
| Cell membranes are? | Fluid; proteins and lipids are constantly in motion. |
| Fluid mosaic structure? | Cell membranes are fluid and have patters (mosaics) or proteins and other molecules in them. |
| Cell walls main function? | To provide support and protection for the cell. |
| Cell walls found in? | Plants, algae, fungi, and some prokaryotes. |
| Cell walls are made mostly of? | Cellulose, a tough carbohydrate fiber |
| What is mitochondria? | The "powerhouse" of the cell that converts food into energy. |
| What are ribosomes? | They make proteins: found in cytoplasm and nucleus. |
| What is chloroplast? | Turns sunlight into energy through the process of photosynthesis. |
| What is a vacuole? | Storage area for food, water, and waste. |
| What is the cell membrane? | Allows materials in/out of the cell and its selectively permeable. |
| What are lysosomes? | Breaks down old cell parts and kills bacteria using digestive enzymes. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum is? | Transports materials through out the cell. |
| The centrioles are? | Controls cell division in the animal. |
| What is cytoplasm? | Jellylike material made up mostly of water; where chemical reactions occur. |
| What are chromosomes? | Found in nucleus, determine our traits. |
| What is the nucleus? | Makes ribosomes for the cell. |
| What are the golgi bodies? | Packages materials in the cell. |
| What is the cell wall? | Gives shape support and protection to the plant cell. outermost rigid layer. |
Created by:
kaylac1051
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