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SLS Cell Transport
SLS Bio 12 Cell Transport (AL)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active transport | use of plasma membrane carrier protein and energy to move a substance in or out of a cell from low to high concentration |
| carrier protein | protein molecule that combines with a substance and transports it through the plasma membrane |
| cell membrane | flexible and allows a unicellular organism to move |
| channel protein | makes a channel to allow a particular molecule or iron to cross the plasma membrane |
| concentration gradient | gradual change in chemical concentration from one point to another |
| diffusion | movement of molecules or ions from high to low concentration; requires no energy and stops when the distribution is equal |
| endocytosis | substances are moved into the cell from the environment by phagocytosis (cellular eating) or pinocytosis (cellular drinking) |
| exocytosis | intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane so that the vesicles contents are released outside the cell |
| facilitated transport | use of plasma membrane carrier to move a substance into or out of a cell from high to low concentration - no energy required |
| fluid-mosaic membrane model | fluid- individual phospholipids and proteins can move side to side within layer. mosaic- pattern produced by the scattered protein molecules when the membrane is viewed from above |
| glycolipid | lipid is plasma membrane that bears a carbohydrate chain attached to a hydrophobic tail |
| glycoprotein | protein in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain |
| hydrophilic | molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and forming h bonds with water molecules |
| hydrophobic | does not interact with water because its non polar |
| hypertonic | high solute concentration (less water) than the cell-causes cell to lose water by osmosis |
| hypotonic | lower solute (more water) concentration than the cytosol of a cell-causes cel to gain water by osmosis |
| isotonic | solution that is equal in solute concentration to the cell- causes cell to neither lose or gain water by osmosis |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a membrane - moves from high water potential (low solute) to low water potential (high solute) |
| passive transport processes | ions or molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| phagocytosis | amoeboid-type cells engulf large substances, forming an intracellular vacuole |
| phospholipid | make up the cell membrance, contains 2 fatty acid chains that are non polar, head is polar and contains a -PO4 group & glycerol |
| phospholipid bilayer | two layers of phospholipids-their hydrophobic tails are projecting inwards and polar head groups are projecting on the outside surfaces |
| pinocytosis | most common form of endocytosis - takes in dissolved molecules as a vesicle. cell forms an invagination, materials dissolve in water to be brought into cell (cell drinking) |
| pressure gradient | difference of pressure and concentration from one area to another |
| selectively permeable | function of the plasma membrane that is required for homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell |
| tonicity | osmotic pressure or tension of a solution- cells would swell or shrink depending on the tonicity of the environment |
Created by:
alubbe
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