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HIV
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| home of 70% of world's total cases of HIV | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| the most common strain of HIV | type I |
| most common in West Africa; and progresses more slowly | type II |
| parasitic retrovirus that infects CD4 and macrophages upon entry | HIV |
| virus is reproducingm, usually for several years | latency phase |
| what is the best measure of HIV progression? | measure viral load |
| the two HIV antibody tests that check to see if you are positive | ELISA and the Western Blot Assay |
| what does ELISA stand for? | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| what measures how much HIV is present? | polymerase chain reaction- PCR (good for mothers and infants) |
| what are the 2 classifications of HIV? | lab findings and S/S |
| lab findings: category 1 | >500 cells/microl |
| lab findings: category 2 | 200-499 cells/microl |
| lab findings: category 3 | <200 cells/microl |
| clinical: category A | no s/s or have lymphadenopathy or s/s of primary HIV |
| clinical: category B | s/s of immune deficiency but not serious enough to be AIDS |
| clinical: category C | AIDS defining illnessess present |
| how often are labs performed (PCR and CD4 checks) | 3-6 months |
| seroconversion, flu-like s/s, occurs 2-4 weeks after infection, last few days to 2 weeks | primary infection/acute clinical syndrome |
| average 10 years, CD4 levels slowly drop, lymphadenopathy | chronic asymptomatic/latency |
| w/o tx leads to death in 2-3 years | overt AIDS |
| most common opportunistic infection of AIDS | PCP- HIV pnemonia (bacteria everywhere) |
| caused by AIDS rather than an opp. infection; is very aggressive; destroys brain cells; late onset; S/S: impaired attention, apathetic behavior, behavioral changes | AIDS dementia complex |
| parasite affecting CNS | toxoplasmosis |
| harmless in the healthy individual, but causes severe problems in the immnuosuppressed and is an orgainism common in the soil, houses, and many other environments | PCP- HIV pnemonia (bacteria everywhere) |
| leading cause of death in HIV pt | TB |
| Demylinating white matter disease caused by JC virus, a DNA papovavirus that attacks the oligodendrocytes | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
| Ca of the epithelial cells of the skin, mucous membranes, GI tract, and lungs; simialr to the herpes virus, and has painless lesions with purple hue | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| Metabolic disorder that causes changes in body appearance including increased abdominal girth, buffalo hump, wasting of the fat in the face and extremities, & breast enlargement in both sexes | lipodystrophy |
| R/T antiretroviral therapy-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors causes lactic acid build up d/t anaerobic metabolism | mitochondrial disorders |
| treatment options for AIDS | no cure, but can prevent progression with HAART therapy |
| what kind of testing is best for those younger than 18 months | PCR |
| what is required to make a HIV diagonsis? | 2 positives from testing for HIV |
| what is very effective during pregnacy that helps lower transmission rates? | Zidovudine |
| what can a baby test for positive in an ELISA test for up to 18 months of life? | b/c the test can pick up the mother's IgG and the baby may not be truely positive |
| Phase of HIV when the CD4 levels slowly begin to drop | Chronic asymptomatic/latency stage |
| tacypnea | fast breathing |
| ataxia | "drunk" walk |
| diplopia | double vision |
Created by:
TayBay15
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