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molecular genetics

chapter 16-17

TermDefinition
DNA Polymerase Enzyme responsible for synthesis of DNA
Transcription Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a gene (nucleotide sequence) within DNA
RNA polymerase enzyme responsible for the synthesis of RNA types of RNA
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
mRNA Transcribed from DNA; directs assembly of amino acids
tRNA Responsible for matching the appropriate amino acid with the correct mRNA sequence
Anticodon Sequence of 3 nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to codon on mRNA
components of nucleotide structure phosphate group; deoxyribose sugar;nitrogenous base
DNA structure is antiparallel; forms a double helix and paring is complementary
the 5' end of DNA contains phosphate
the 3' end of DNA contains sugar
describe a semiconservative replication results in two DNA molecules. each molecule is made of one strand of original DNA and a strand of new DNA
DNA replication in eukaryotes multiple origins of replication; replication is bidirectional; DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for DNA; DNA replication requires the assistance of other proteins
okazaki fragments replication on the lagging strand accomplished by formation
heterochromatin chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is not transcribed
euchromatin less condensed form of chromatin that is available for transcription
protein results from the expression of a gene
appropriate sequence for a gene DNA-RNA-PROTEIN
codon a sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to an amino acid
translation placement ribosome
in eukaryotes transcription takes place in what the nucleus
in eukaryotes translation takes place in what the cytoplasm
point mutation a change in one or more nucleotides within a single gene
mutagen a physical or chemical agent that can cause a mutation
all mutations affect the sequence of amino acids in a protein FALSE
Created by: ccm5270
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