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Ch.5-6 Study Guide
Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thermal Energy | The sum of the kinetic and the potential energy of the particles that make up material |
| Temperature | Represents the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material. |
| Heat | is the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. |
| Radiation | the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves. All matter including the Sun transfers thermal energy by radiation. |
| Conduction | The transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collisions of particles. Conduction continues until the thermal energy of all particles in contact is equal. |
| Convection | is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another. Only occurs in fluids. |
| Convection Current | movement of fluids in a cycle because of convection. Convection currents circulate the water in Earth's oceans and other bodies of water. This plays an important role in Earth's climates. |
| Heating appliance | a device that converts electric energy into thermal energy. |
| Thermostat | a device that regulates the temperature of a system. |
| Refrigerator | device that uses electric energy to transfer thermal energy from a cooler location to a warmer location. |
| Heat Engine | a machine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. |
| Solids | matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. Particles in a solid are close together (they vibrate back and forth). |
| Liquids | matter with a definite volume but no definite shape. Liquids can flow and take the shape of their containers. Particles move faster than a solid and in turn move slightly father apart. |
| Viscosity | a measurement of a liquids resistance to flow. |
| Surface Tension | the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid. |
| Gases | matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape. Particles move even farther apart than solids or liquids. Particles spread out to fill a container. |
| Vapor | the gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature. |
| Melting | change of matter from a solid to a liquid. Thermal energy must be added. |
| Freezing | change from a liquid state to a solid state. |
| Vaporization | change from a liquid to a gas. |
| Boiling | vaporization that occurs within a liquid. |
| Evaporation | vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid. |
| Condensation | change of state from a gas to a liquid. |
| Sublimation | change of state from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state. |
| Deposition | change of state of a gas to a solid without going through the liquid state. |
| Molecular Theory | is an explanation of how particles in matter behave. |
| Pressure | is the amount of force applied per unit of area. When particles collide with their container, pressure results. |
| Boyle's Law | states that pressure of a gas increases if the volume decreases and pressure of a gas decreases if the volume increases, when temperature is constant. |
| Charles Law | states that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, if the pressure is constant |
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