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Dynamic Earth

Year 9

TermDefinition
What's in the Mantle? Magma
What's in the Inner Core? Mostly iron. It is a solid owing to extreme pressure.
What's in the Outer Core? Malten rock and nickel. It is a liquid.
Crust is.. Crust is broken into sections called plates.
What is the Lithosphere? It is the earth's crust and includes landforms, rocks and soil.
What is the Asthenosphere? It is the volcanoes source of magma. It is less rigid than the crust and is very soft. It contains molten rock material and is part of the lower and upper crust.
What is the Atmosphere? The gases which bound around the earth.
What is the Hydrosphere? All water on earth, e.g. oceans, rivers, lakes.
Biosphere? All living matter on earth.
Where are most active volcanoes found? Ring of Fire.
What are three types of volcanoes? Shield, Composite and Funnel type.
What is the difference between lava and magma? Lava flows out of the volcano whilst magma is the molten rock below the surface.
What does 'dormant' mean? Currently inactive. Erupted in the past.
Igenous rocks? Hill/mound of volcanic material built up near the opening.
What is the opening of a volcano called? Crater.
Volcanic effects on the atmosphere? Add carcon and therefore affect atmospheic gas content.
Volcanic effects on the hydrosphere? Released pollutants affect nearby waterbodies.
Volcanic effects on the lithosphere? Plates moving and may collide. Affect nearby soil and therefore difficult to grow crops.
Volcanic effects on the biosphere? Death or disruption towards human, plant and other animal life.
Cyclone's effects on the atmosphere? Distributes heat in atmosphere. Causes torrential rain.
Cyclone's effects on the hydrosphere? Causes large waves to occur, potential flooding and/or storm surges.
Cyclone's effects on the lithosphere? Soil erosion.
Cyclone's effects on the biosphere? Damage or death towards living matter.
Earthquake's effects on the atmosphere? Toxic gas emissions from the ground enter the air.
Earthquake's effects on the hydrosphere? Causes tsunamis to occur.
Earthquake's effects on the lithosphere? Causes possible rupture and/or shaking to occur. Potential landslides.
Earthquake's effects on the biosphere? Death or disruption towards living matter.
How do mountanous regions form? Two sedimentary layers collide between two plates. Folded mountains can be formed when two plates are pushed upwards when colliding. Faulting can occur when the tensional forces between two plates break and one ends up higher than the other.
What is the Theory of Tectonic Plates? Explains the movements of plates because of the convection currents in the asthenosphere, and how mountains, volcanoes and other geographical phenomeneons occur.
How do convectional currents affect the movement of plates? The convection currents in the asthenosphere, caused by the heat rising from the crust, head towards the lithosphere and cause the plates to rise and spread.
How are gravitational forces connect with the movement of plates? Gravitational forces then push the older material down towards the ocean floor at mid-ocean ridges and aid in the movement of the plates.
Why do landforms form at plate boundaires? They form because of particular movement between each plate. These movements can occur at convergent, divergent or transform boundaries.
What are convergent boundaries? When two plates collide into one another and cause one plate to slide underneath the other (subduction). This can cause mountains to form.
What are divergent boundaries? One or more plates move away from each other and new crust is commonly formed. Usually found at ridges.
What are transform boundaries? When two plates are sliding past each other. This causes friction to build up, and once released, is usually released in the form of an earthquake.
Created by: alyssarey
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