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SLS Bio12 Cell Trans
SLS Bio12 Cell Transport JW
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | Use of a plasma membrane carrier protein and energy to move a substance into or out of a cell from lower to higher concentration |
| Carrier Protein | Protein molecule that combines with a substance and transports it through the plasma membrane |
| Cell Membrane | The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it |
| Channel Protein | Forms a channel to allow a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane |
| Concentration Gradient | Gradual change in chemical concentration from one point to another |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher to lower concentration; it requires no energy and stops when the distribution is equal |
| Endocytosis | Process by which substances are moved into the cell from the environment by phagocytosis (cellular eating) or pinocytosis (cellular drinking; includes receptor-mediated endocytosis) |
| Exocytosis | Process in which an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane so that the vesicle's contents are released outside the cell |
| Facilitated Transport | Use of a plasma membrane carrier to move a substance into or out of a cell from higher to lower concentration; no energy required |
| Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model | The cell membrane (also known as the love membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment |
| Glycolipid | Lipid in plasma membrane that bears a carbohydrate chain attached to a hydrophobic tail |
| Glycoprotein | Protein in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain |
| Hydrophilic | Type of molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and /or forming a hydrogen bond with water molecules |
| Hydrophobic | Type of molecule that does not interact with water because it is nonpolar |
| Hypertonic | Higher solute concentration (less water) than the cell; causes cell to lose water by osmosis |
| Hypotonic | Lower solute (more water) concentration than the cytosol of a cell; causes cell to gain water by osmosis |
| Isotonic | Solution that is equal in solute concentration to that of a cell; causes cell to neither lose nor gain water by osmosis |
| Osmosis | DIffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Passive Transport Processes | A kind of transport by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Phagocytosis | Process by which amoeboidtype cells engulf large substances, forming an intracellular vacuole |
| Phospholipid | Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell's membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two nonpolar hydrophobic tails |
| Phosphoilpid Bilayer | The two layers of phospholipids arranged in such a way that their hydrophobic tails are projecting inwards while their polar head groups are projecting on the outside surfaces |
| Pinocytosis | Process by which vesicle formation brings macromolecules into the cell |
| Pressure Gradient | |
| Selectively Permeable | A feature and a function of the plasma membrane that is essential to maintain homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell. |
| Tonicity | The ability of a solution to exert an osmotic pressure upon a membrane |
Created by:
jwaslen
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