Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
cardiac med surg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Risk factors of cardiac disease (modifiable) | smoking, Obesity, high cholesterol, physical activity, diets (fats, sodium) harmful use of alcoholic drinks |
| Risk factors of cardiac disease (Non-modifiable) | Family HX, ethnicity, Age, Gender |
| Blood flow through the heart | Unoxygenated blood> Superior & inferior vena cava> Right atrium> Tricuspid valve,> Right Ventricle, Pulmonic> Pulmonary Artery,> Lungs,> Oxygenated, > Pulmonary Veins, > Left Atrium,> Mitral Valve,> Left Ventricle,> Aortic valve,> Aorta. |
| Cardiac Conduction | Sa Node,>AV Node,> Bundle Of HIS,> Right & Left Bundle Branches,> Purkinje Fibers |
| SA Node | Pacemaker of the heart |
| AV Node | located between the right atria & ventricle carries electricle signal from the SA Node to the Bundle of HIS |
| Caridiac Output | Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in 1 min. |
| Epinephirne | increases HR, force of contraction, cardiac output, systolic BP |
| Aldosterone | Regulates Sodium/Potassium: regulates BP |
| Normal BP | SYStolic <120 Diastolic <80 |
| Aging Cardivascular system | conduction cells less effective, Atherosclerosis, resting BP increases, Decreased HR, Vein Valves Incompetent |
| Conduction cells less effective | Dysrhythmias |
| Atherosclerosis | Narrowed Vessels lumens, rough surfaces>clot formation> decreased blood flow to the heart and organs. |
| Resting BP increases | Left ventricular work load increase>Left sided Heart Failure> Stroke |
| Decreased HR | Fatigue |
| Vein valves Incompetent | Venous statsis ulcerations |
| Cardiovascular Disease | #1 killer in the US |
| Poikilothermy | loss of normal thermal regulation: temp varies with climate of the enviornment |
| EKG Electrocardiogram | records cardiac electrical activity |
| Ambulatory Electrocardiogram monitoring | Holter monitoring |
| Echocardiogram | Ultrasound, records motion, heart structures, Valves, heart size, shape, and position |
| Transesophageal Echocardiogram | Probe in Esophagus, gives a clearer Picture, NPO until Gag reflex returns |
| Exercise stress test (Video) | Cardiac stress Test= Cardiac response to exercise and O2 demands. Peripheral Vascular stress test= Vascular response to walking. |
| Plethysmography | Diagnoses Deep Vein Thrombosis, Pulmonary Emboli, Peripheral Vascular Disease |
| Pressure Measurment | BP readings along Extremity |
| Arterial Stiffness Index | Atherosclerosis/ Cardiovascular Disease |
| Tilt Table Test | Lying to Standing BP and HR |
| Doppler Ultrasound | Detects impaired bloodflow reduces sound waves |
| Radioisotopes IV, Gamma Camera Scan | Detects cardiac ischemia/damage/perfusion Thallium Imagining, Technetium Pyrophosphate Scan, Technetium 99m Sestamibi MUGA scan |
| Blood Lipids | Triglycerides(40-150), Cholesterol(<200), Phospholipids |
| Cardiac Biomarkers | Creatine Kinase (F-10-79) (M- 17-148), Troponin(0-0.5), Myoglobin |
| Magnesium | Norm= 1.7-2.2 |
| Angiography | Proceudre that uses a special dye and xrays to see how blood flows through the arteries of the heart. |
| Cardiac Cath | Insertion of catheter into a chan=mber or vessel of the heart. Done for diagnostic and interventional purposes. Insertion is made through the femorla artery in the groin. |
| Cardiac Cath Monitor | After the procedure the Nurse must assess the site for bleeding and swelling; monitor VS especially BP for signs of bleeding, pedal pulses, and maintain pressure dressing |
| Cardiac Cath Nursing Interventions | Patient must not sit up, HOB must remain flat on bedrest for 4-6 hours after procedure. Log roll for bedpan assistance. |
| Electrophysiology study | Done during cardiac cath procedure, Used to test for various complex cardiac arrythmias of the heart. Post procedure is same as Cardiac cath. |
| Therapeutic Interventions for Cardiac disease | Exercise; walking, cardiac rehab, smoking cessation, balanced diet, weiht loss, O2, Antiembolism Devices- Elastic Stockings, SCD's. |
| HTN | Increase with age, More common in blacks |
| Normal BP | 120/80, Average of two or more readings on different dates. Highest reading determines category. |
| Pre-hypertension | 120-139 or 80-89 |
| Stage 1 Hypertension | 140-159 or 90-99 |
| Stage 2 Hypertension | >160or >100 |
| Blood Pressure | Pressure exerted by blood on walls of blood vessels. Determined by cardiac output, peripheral Vascular resistance, Vessel Strech, Blood Viscosity & Volume |
| Primary HTN | Unknown Cause |
| Secondary HTN | From another medical Cause; ex. renal disease, heart disease, etc.. |
| Isolated Systolic HTN | SBP > 140 |
| Risk Factors of HTN (Nonmodifiable) | Family HX, Age, Ethnicity, Diabetes |
| Risk Factors of HTn (Modifiable) | Weight, diet(dash, limit Sodium, limit caffeine, limit alcohol use, exercising; walking 3-4X er wk, smoking censsation, stress management, adequate sleep.Never make suggestions to patient out of these guide lines, refer them to MD if need be. |
| Signs and Symptoms of HTN | None "Silent Killer" Rare= headache, bloody nose, anxiety, dyspnea |
| Diagnosis of HTN | HX, S&S, kidney or heart disease, meds, home BP readings, ECG, blood glucose, HCT, K+, CA+, lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglycerides |
| Complications of HTN | Atherosclerosis, CAD, MI, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Stroke, Kidney/Eye Damage |
| Emergency HTN | Targets Organ dysfunction, immediate reduction of BP to protect target organs, SBP will be >180 & DBP > 120 TX: NITROPRUSSIDE (Nipride) IV |
| Antihypertensive Meds | Initial therapy is (Thiazide-type diuretics), calcium channel blockers, vasodialtors, ASA 100mg @ HS |
| Nursing TX for HTN | PT education, Lifelong BP control(self care measures, prescribed Meds) |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) | One or both flaps bulge into left atrium. This valve normal close during ventricular systole. |
| Mitral regurgitation | Bulging flaps do not fit together |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) Eitology | Unknown cause, seen in women 20-55 years of age |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) S | Often none, CP, anxiety, dysrhythmias, dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations. |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) Complications | Dilation of left side of heart, HF, inefective endocarditis, emboli |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) Diagnostic test | Murmur heard, 2-D or doppler Echocardigram, Coronary Angiogram |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) Therapeutic Interventions | None unless symptoms present, healthy lifestle, Avoid stimulants/caffine, stress managment, Beta blockers for tachycardia, Valve Surgery for severe MVP |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) Complication | Mitral valve Regurgitation |
| Mitral Valve regurgitation Patho | MItral valve incomplete closure, >back flow of blood to left atrium, > left atrium dilates,> extra blood volume to left ventricle,> left ventricle to dilates from extra volume,> eventually may fail |
| Mitral Valve regurgitation Causes | Rheumatic Heart Disease ( Most), endocarditis, congenital defects, chordae tenineae dysfunction, mitral valve prolapse. |
| Mitral Valve regurgitation S | None Early, Murmur, dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, fatigue, palpitations, ATRIAL FibRIllation, CP |
| Mitral Valve regurgitation Complications | Atrial Fibrillation, Pulmonary HTN, HF |
| Mitral Valve regurgitation Diagnostic test | ECG=reveals P wave Changes; Chest xray= enlarged Chambers; 2-d doppler echo, Coronary angiogram |
| Mitral Valve regurgitation Interventions | o |
| Aortic Stenosis Patho | Aortic Valve narrows> Left ventrical contracts more forcefully,> left ventricale hypertrophies,> decreased cardiac output,> Heart failure. |
| Aortic Stenosis Causes | Congenital Defects, Rheumatic Heart Disease, calcification with aging |
| Aortic Stenosis S | None early, Angina, murmur, syncope, orthopena, dyspnea on excertion, fatigue, Pulmonary edema. |
| Aortic Stenosis Complications | Heart failure, Dysrhythmias, endocarditis |
| Aortic Stenosis Diagnostics | ECG, Chest Xray= enlarged Left ventricle, 2-d doppler echo, Serial echocardiography, cardiac cath. |
| Aortic Stenosis Interventions | Surgery, Aortic valve replacement, Valvotomy, Treat heart failure symptoms, Propholatic ABX per criteria. |
| Aortic Stenosis Nursing care | Pain relief (rating scale, nitro, pace activities (rest periods, conserve energy), VS, Maintain fluid volume (I&O, daily weights), sodium restrict, smoking cessation, meds as ordered (diuretics and monitor K+ level), asssess for edema. |
| Aortic Stenosis Teaching | Meds, use anticoagulants monthly (INR/Pt test), medic alert ID, include caregivers, |
| Aortic Stenosis Eval of care | Reports no pain, |
Created by:
kvoltaire
Popular Nursing sets