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Topic 2.4
Membranes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hydrophobic | water fearing (non-polar) |
| Hydrophilic | water loving (polar) |
| Phospholipid | molecule that contains two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule. The fatty acid end is hydrophobic (non-polar) while the phosphate end is hydrophilic (polar) |
| Simple Diffusion | Particles of a certain type move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. This process is a passive transport and does NOT require energy. |
| Osmosis | Water moves from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. Water moves through small membrane proteins called aquaporins. This process requires NO energy. |
| Passive Transport | This process does NOT require energy. Substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (it moves with the concentration gradient). This includes simple and facilitated diffusion and osmosis. |
| Active Transport | Requires energy (ATP) to move substances against a concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration) |
| Facilitated Diffusion | This process does NOT require energy. Substances move through a membrane protein with the concentration gradient (from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration) |
| Endocytosis | Process that allows larger macromolecules to enter the cell (depends on the fluidity of the plasma membrane) |
| Exocytosis | Process that allows larger macromolecules to leave the cell (depends on the fluidity of the plasma membrane) |